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PHM > Obesity, Diabetes, Nutrition > Flashcards

Obesity, Diabetes, Nutrition Flashcards

0
Q

What decade was the energy flipping point of push v pull effect?

A

1960s - correlates with more television and advertising

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1
Q

Life expectancy reduction in obese people

A

13-14 years

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2
Q

The only plausible explanation for the simultaneous global increase in obesity…..

A

Change in global food supply

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3
Q

What % of indigenous females are overweight or obese, and how does this compare to % overall?

A

~38% v 28%

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4
Q

4 factors of SES and obesity

A
  • money for healthy food
  • poorer neighbourhoods have mor car dependence, less recreation facilities, more fast food etc
  • chronic stress
  • food insecurity?
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5
Q

BMI classifications

A 
Underweight < 18.5
Normal 18.5 - 24.9
Overweight > 30
Obesity 1 30 - 34.9
Obesity 2 35 - 39.9
Obesity 3 > 40
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6
Q

Limitations of Bmi (4)

A
  • differences in fat distribution
  • ethnic differences
  • muscular builds
  • gender
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7
Q

Waist circumferences, overweight and obese in men and women

A

Men: 94 and 102
Women: 80 and 88

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8
Q

Reduced energy diets

A

Decrease energy intake by 2000-4000kj/day

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9
Q

Low energy diet

A

Energy intake 4000-5000kj/day total

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10
Q

Very low energy diet

A

Energy intake 1700-3300kj/day total

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11
Q

Which has higher drop out: partial meal replacement or reduced energy diet?

A

Reduced energy diet

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12
Q

4 principles of diets

A
  • reduce fat or carb
  • portion control
  • change frequency or restrict time of eating
  • concentration of single food
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13
Q

Successful weight losers….(5)

A
  • attend counselling sessions (ongoing support)
  • eat breakfast every day
  • weigh themselves weekly
  • watch less than 10 hrs tv weekly
  • exercise avg 1hr daily
  • follow diets that are sustainable (weight loss easier than weight maintenance)
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14
Q

How many people diagnosed with diabetes in Aus, and how many of these are type 2

A

1 million

85%

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15
Q

How many undiagnosed in Aus.

A

For every 4 diagnosed, 1 undiagnosed

16
Q

Nth leading cause of death in men? In women? (Australia)

A

8th

7th

17
Q

Risk of atsi diabetes compared to non-Asti
Risk of atsi kidney failure due to diabetes compared to non-Asti
Cause of death % in Asti

A

3x
10x
8%

18
Q

1st quintile ses and diabetes more or less likely than 5th

A

More likely

19
Q

Of Australians with a disability –% have diabetes

A

11

20
Q

Among people with lost site –% reported having diabetes

A

17

21
Q

Global prevalence diabetes is –%, deaths of which –% are low to middle income countries

A

6.4

80

22
Q

% with high cholesterol, men and women

A

Men: 51
Women: 48

23
Q

What foods have saturated fats

A

Animal products like dairy and meat, Palm oil, margarine, coconut, deep fried take away foods

24
Q

What foods have trans fats and why are they bad?

A

Beef, veal, lamb or artificially manufactured

Bad because they behave like saturated fats

25
Q

WHO recommended daily intake of salt

Aus division “ without cv disease / with cv disease

A

<4

26
Q

–% children stunted growth, –%malnourished

A

80 and 8

27
Q

Recall the nutrition cycle, beginning with education

A

Education
Sustainable food supply/farming
Diet and food
Nutrition: ionise, vitamins and minerals
Good mental and physical health (&sanitation and hygiene)
Motivation
Education

28
Q

What is the greatest region of child wasting from malnutrition

A

South Central Asia - 70%

29
Q

3 big factors of maternal health for child nutrition

A

Iron and calcium and zinc

Vitamin a

30
Q

Implications of low birth weight

A

Impairs immune system

Causes diabetes and heart disease in later life

31
Q

Under nutrition in aboriginal australians

A 
2-4x increase death 
3.5x incense death in infants specifically 
Obesity men 1.6x more likely
Obesity women 2.2x more likely
Incidence of diabetes 2-3x
32
Q

Cancer deaths attributable to inadequate f&v

A

11%

33
Q

Vitamin a and d can be added to

A

Margarine, and d to milk

34
Q

What can you add to flour and bread?

A

Ca2+, thiamin, niacin, iron

PHM (3 decks)

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