Obesity and Weight Reduction Flashcards
How prevalent is obesity in the US?
- nearly 3 in 4 adults are overweight or obese
- 42.5% of Americans are obese
- 9% of Americans are severely obese
What major factors contribute to obesity in America?
- genetics
- longer work hours
- sedentary lifestyle
- technology
- processed foods
How do you interpret BMI?
- <18.5 - underweight
- 18.6 - 24.9 normal weight
- 25 - 29.9 overweight
- 30+ - obese
What are healthy waist measurements?
- women < 35 inches
- men < 40 inches
What are the complications of obesity?
- pulmonary disease
- liver disease
- gallbladder disease
- infertility
- cancer
- CHD
Which type of fat has been implicated as being the most harmful?
visceral fat
List the 3 macronutrients:
- carbs
- fats
- proteins
What is the calories per gram of carbs?
4 calories per gram
What is the calories per gram of fat?
9 calories per gram
What is the calories per gram of protein?
4 calories per gram
What CNS stimulants are indicated for weight loss?
- phentermine
- phendimetrazine
- benzphetamine
- diethylpropion
When is it appropriate to use medications for weight loss?
- BMI 30+ and did not lose or maintain weight loss with lifestyle interventions
- BMI 27+ w/ risk factors AND did not lose or maintain weight loss with lifestyle interventions
List the types of bariatric procedures:
- roux-en-y bypass
- gastric band
- sleeve gastrectomy
- BPD/DS
What lipase inhibitor is indicated for weight loss?
orlistat (Xenical)
What sympathomimetic & anticonvulsant is indicated for weight loss?
phentermine + topiramate (Qsymia)
What opioid antagonist + dopamine/NE reuptake inhibitor is indicated for weight loss?
- naltrexone + bupropion XL (Contrave)
What GLP-1 agonists are indicated for weight loss?
- liraglutide (Saxenda)
- semaglutide (Wegovy)
What are the 3 common causes of weight regain?
- dietary disinhibition
- decrease in physical activity
- depression
Describe the concept of structural tension:
The difference between where we are and where we want to be
Differentiate between fundamental, primary, and secondary choices:
- fundamental: defines our state of being
- primary: defines our health goal
- secondary: the day-to-day actions we take to achieve our primary choices
Which drug class is a short-term option?
CNS stimulants
When should orlistat be taken?
CNS stimulant
- taken within 1 hour of eating a fat-containing meal
- not good for patients that don’t eat consistently
