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PHRM 852 > Obesity and Weight Reduction > Flashcards

Obesity and Weight Reduction Flashcards

1
Q

How prevalent is obesity in the US?

A
  • nearly 3 in 4 adults are overweight or obese
  • 42.5% of Americans are obese
  • 9% of Americans are severely obese
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2
Q

What major factors contribute to obesity in America?

A
  • genetics
  • longer work hours
  • sedentary lifestyle
  • technology
  • processed foods
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3
Q

How do you interpret BMI?

A
  • <18.5 - underweight
  • 18.6 - 24.9 normal weight
  • 25 - 29.9 overweight
  • 30+ - obese
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4
Q

What are healthy waist measurements?

A
  • women < 35 inches
  • men < 40 inches
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5
Q

What are the complications of obesity?

A
  • pulmonary disease
  • liver disease
  • gallbladder disease
  • infertility
  • cancer
  • CHD
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6
Q

Which type of fat has been implicated as being the most harmful?

A

visceral fat

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7
Q

List the 3 macronutrients:

A
  • carbs
  • fats
  • proteins
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8
Q

What is the calories per gram of carbs?

A

4 calories per gram

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9
Q

What is the calories per gram of fat?

A

9 calories per gram

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10
Q

What is the calories per gram of protein?

A

4 calories per gram

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11
Q

What CNS stimulants are indicated for weight loss?

A
  • phentermine
  • phendimetrazine
  • benzphetamine
  • diethylpropion
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12
Q

When is it appropriate to use medications for weight loss?

A
  • BMI 30+ and did not lose or maintain weight loss with lifestyle interventions
  • BMI 27+ w/ risk factors AND did not lose or maintain weight loss with lifestyle interventions
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13
Q

List the types of bariatric procedures:

A
  • roux-en-y bypass
  • gastric band
  • sleeve gastrectomy
  • BPD/DS
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14
Q

What lipase inhibitor is indicated for weight loss?

A

orlistat (Xenical)

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15
Q

What sympathomimetic & anticonvulsant is indicated for weight loss?

A

phentermine + topiramate (Qsymia)

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16
Q

What opioid antagonist + dopamine/NE reuptake inhibitor is indicated for weight loss?

A
  • naltrexone + bupropion XL (Contrave)
17
Q

What GLP-1 agonists are indicated for weight loss?

A
  • liraglutide (Saxenda)
  • semaglutide (Wegovy)
18
Q

What are the 3 common causes of weight regain?

A
  • dietary disinhibition
  • decrease in physical activity
  • depression
19
Q

Describe the concept of structural tension:

A

The difference between where we are and where we want to be

20
Q

Differentiate between fundamental, primary, and secondary choices:

A
  • fundamental: defines our state of being
  • primary: defines our health goal
  • secondary: the day-to-day actions we take to achieve our primary choices
21
Q

Which drug class is a short-term option?

A

CNS stimulants

22
Q

When should orlistat be taken?

CNS stimulant

A
  • taken within 1 hour of eating a fat-containing meal
  • not good for patients that don’t eat consistently

PHRM 852 (7 decks)

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