Obesity and Overweight

Question 1

Barriers to achieving a healthy weight

Answer 1

•HIGH ENERGY INTAKE
-energy input exceeding energy output
-energy dense foods- lead to positive energy balance
-snacking- dependence on prepared and fast foods- palatable and easy to overeat
-choosing energy dense foods- high consumption of convenience foods- due to busy lifestyles
-portion sizes- larger- positive energy balance- research- portion sizes in outlets have gradually increased over the years
-alcohol- empty calories- ppl don’t count drink as calories

Question 2

2. LOW LEVELS OF PHYSICAL ACTIVITY

Answer 2

-excess energy not used up- stored in adipose tissue
-secondary lifestyle- technology- occupational changes
-age- physical activity declines- weight gain
-secondary leisure activities
-no time for physical activity

Question 3

PSYCHOLOGICAL FACTORS

Answer 3

-emotional disturbances- comfort eat, eg chocolate ( release endorphins- happy hormone) positive energy balance
-binge eating- eg anxiety, stress- high calorie foods- high fat and sugar
-emotional distress and low self esteem- weight gain- consuming higher fat comfort foods

Question 4

GENETIC PREDISPOSITION

Answer 4

-evidence to suggest- inherited gene that causes children of overweight parents to be in positive energy balance
-heritage/ medical conditions
-portions- families imitate eating patterns
-low metabolism- inherited- weight gain
-underactive thyroid
-home environment- packed lunches- healthy options

Question 5

SLEEP DEPRIVATION

Answer 5

-sleep patterns- impact on appetite, hunger and energy expenditure
-short sleep associated with hormone changes that control hunger
-Leptin- reducing appetite
-Ghrelin- increase appetite
-Cravings- study shown- 4hrs of sleep associated with greater craving for calorie dense foods(high carb content)