Obesity And Diabetes Flashcards
Which hormones are released from adipocytes that can alter the metabolism of other organs
Adiponectin
Leptin
Resistin
AP2
At the cellular level why is insulin signalling often reduced in obesity
Serine is phosphorylated when insulin attaches to receptor instead of tyrosine, blocking the tyrosine cascade
How does adiponectin improve insulin sensitivity
Increases fat oxidation
Causes phosphorylation of AMPK
Which appetite hormone increases food intake
Grehlin
Which hormone is released from adipose tissue and can impact appetite, physical activity and insulin sensitivity
Leptin
What increases in the cell of an obese person is
Fatty acyl CoA
Diacylglycerol
Ceramides
This changes phosphorylation state of proteins
What is the effect of obese people not being able to use LPL as effectively
LGL breaks down TG so it can be taken up by surrounding tissue
How does insulin resistance impact TG and FFAs
Decrease TG clearance and increase FFA release
What do TAG-rich VLDLs do
Unload TAG onto HDLs and LDLs
What are TAG-rich HDLs catabolised by
Catabolised by the kidney leading to fewer HDLs
What are adipokines
Proteins produced by adipose tissue
Which adipocytokines have a role in insulin resistance
Fat over-supply (DAG)
TNF-a
Resistin
Leptin
IL-6
Which adipocytokine has a role in insulin sensitivity
Adiponectin
How does adiponectin impact fat oxidation in muscle
Increases fat oxidation
What is grehlin
Increases appetite
Produced by stomach
