Obesity Flashcards
Define obesity
Excessively high accumulation of body fat or adipose tissue in relation to lean body mass (both size and distribution)
Describe energy balance
Obesity occurs when energy intake remains higher than energy expenditure for an extended period of time
How is BMI calculated
weight(kg)/height (m2)
What are the components of energy expenditure
Metabolism
Energy storage in excess
What are the BMI classifications in adult asians
<18.5 = underweight >25 = overweight >30 = obese
Describe the epidemiology of obesity
Increases with age
Most prevalent in 55-64 year olds
Rates increasing in children
Which receptors and molecules are important in obesity
Leptin receptor POMC MC4R NPY AGRP MCH
How much does it cost to treat obesity
Total £3.6bn
£49m
other direct costs add to £1.2bn
indirect costs of £1.07bn
What are the complications of obesity
Depression Stroke Sleep apnoea Ischaemic heart disease Hypertension Type 2 diabetes Gallstones Cancer Osteoarthritis Infertility Gout
What contributes to obesity diagnosis
Waist circumference
Android (apple) vs gyroid (pear)
Pear is better
What does BMI not cover
Fat/ visceral adipose
Where is waist circumference measured
Mid point between the lower rib and iliac crest
1cm above the navel
What are the NICE recommendations for obesity
Diet Exercise Behavioural therapy Drug treatment Surgery (if BMI >40)
What are some drugs used to treat obesity
Orlistat
Metformin
What is more effective, drugs or bariatric surgery
Bariatric surgery
