Nutrition Flashcards
Who sets the UK healthy eating recommendations
Public Health England
describe the biochemistry (metabolism) of alcohol
C2H5OH 3 main pathways Ethanol -> acetaldehyde -> acetate Ethanol -> acetaldehyde (CYP2E1) Ethanol -> acetaldehyde (NAD+) Affected by factors such as diet, gender, body -habitus, racial and genetic influences
What are the physical effects of alcohol
Liver dmaage
CNS - encephalopathy, cerebral atrophy, optic neuropathy
CVS - hypertension, stroke, cardiomyopathy
GIT - gastritis, cancers, pancreatitis
GUT - glomerulonephritis, renal failure
LMS - gout, fractures, myopathies
Endocrine and reproduction - psuedocushings, impotence
What are the physiological effects of alcohol
Drug addiction and mental illness
What are the benefits of the vegetarian diet
Red meat intake (processed) is linked to increased risk of CHD, cancer and T2 diabetes
What is the risk of following a vegetarian diet
May not be a balanced diet
Nutrient deficiencies with deleterious effects on health
What does healthy eating target
Obesity
CHD
Diabetes
Veg consumption
What is the difference in healthy eating for developed and developing countries
Developing - nutritional security
Developed - limiting the development of chronic diseases
What does energy requirement of exercise depend on
Intensity
Duration
Type of exercise
Describe anaerobic exercise
Glycogen is broken down
Phosphocreatine lasts for 20s
Lactic acid produced
Describe aerobic exercise
Oxidation of CO and fats produce ATP
Low intensity -> fat is preferred
High intensity -> CHO is preferred
What is muscle anabolism
Balancing the breakdown and synthesis of muscle proteins which can affect muscle mass
Describe the creatine supplements
Taken by athletes to increase muscle contraction
Risks are fluid retention and increased body mass.
Can affect blood flow
