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Nutrition health and disease > Obesity > Flashcards

Obesity Flashcards

1
Q

Most widely used measure of overweight or obesity?

A

Body Mass index (BMI) kg/m2

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2
Q

What is taken to account when measuring BMI in people aged 2-18?

A

Age, gender, height and weight

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3
Q

In 2015/16 how many admissions in NHS hospitals were obesity related?

A

525 thousands

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4
Q

What organs can be affected by obesity?

A

Heart, lungs, brain, skin and GI tract

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5
Q

What complications can obesity cause the heart?

A

Heart Disease or Hypertension

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6
Q

What complications can obesity cause the brain

A

Decrease cognitive function, stroke, depression and anxiety

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7
Q

What complications can obesity cause the skin?

A

Stasis dermatitis or ulcers

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8
Q

What is type 2 diabetes and obesity associated with?

A

Insulin resistance

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9
Q

What determines insulin sensitivity?

A

Body fat distribution

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10
Q

What does HbA1c refer to?

A

Gylcated haemoglobin

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11
Q

What can HbA1c also be known as?

A

Haemoglobin A1c or A1c

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12
Q

What makes up total energy expenditure (TEE)?

A

Resting energy expenditure (REE), Thermic effect of food (TEF) and activity energy expenditure (AEE)

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13
Q

Name environmental factors that can increase obesity risk?

A

Increase in convenience foods, increase in advertising, increased stress, Increase in sugar sweetened beverages, socioeconomic status and sedentary lifestyle

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14
Q

What is the role of leptin?

A

Regulate appetite

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15
Q

What is the only current successful hormonal treatment for a monogenic form of human obesity?

A

leptin replacement therapy

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16
Q

What are the characteristics of prader-willi syndrome?

A

Cognitive impairment, low stature, genital hypoplasia, infertility and severe hunger

17
Q

What causes prader-willi syndrome?

A

Absence of chromosome 15

18
Q

What is a deoxyribose?

A

A sugar derived from ribose by replacement of a hydroxl group by hydrogen

19
Q

What does SNP stand for?

A

Single nucleotide polymorphism

20
Q

What is a Missense mutation?

A

A change in one DNA base pair that results in the substitution of one amino acid for another in the protein made by a gene

21
Q

What is a nonsense mutation?

A

A change in one DNA base pair, that signals the cell to stop building a protein. Resulting in a shortened protein that may function improperly or not at all

22
Q

What is an insertion?

A

An insertion changes the number of DNA bases in a gene by adding a piece of DNA, resulting in the protein made to not function properly

23
Q

What is duplication?

A

A duplication is when a piece of DNA is abnormally copied one or more times, altering the function of the resulting protein

24
Q

What is a frameshift mutation?

A

Happens when the addition or loss of DNA bases change a genes reading frame, resulting in a none functioning protein

25
Q

What is a repeat expansion?

A

Nucloetide repeats are short DNA sequences that are repeated a number of times in a row.

26
Q

Why do SNPS matter?

A

Least understood and can in part be counteracted by environmental changes such as medication, diet and exercise

27
Q

What is the FTO gene?

A

The Fat Mass and Obesity gene

28
Q

Where is the FT0 gene located?

A

Chromosome 16

29
Q

What are the two bands for the sugar tax?

A

1) For total sugar content above 5g per 100 milliliters

2) Higher band for sugary drinks with more than 8g per 100 milliliters

30
Q

How many g of sugar is recommended per day for people aged 11+?

A

30g

31
Q

How much more will a sugary drink from band 1 and 2 cost?

A

Band 1= 18p per litre

Band 2 = 24p per litre

32
Q

What is Tier 1 for obesity focus on?

A

Primary action, population wide intervention

33
Q

What is Tier 2 for obesity focus on?

A

Community health services, Gp, school nurse and health visitors. Aim t increase education and exercise

34
Q

What is Tier 3 for obesity focus on?

A

Intervention time, can be referred to specialist obesity services

35
Q

What does tier 4 for obesity focus on?

A

Bariatric surgery, gastric band, gastric bypass, sleeve gastectomy, very low calorie diets and residential camps

Nutrition health and disease (9 decks)

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