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Nutrition and Health > Obesity > Flashcards

Obesity Flashcards

1
Q

Canada: less than ___% are at a healthy body weight

A

40%

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2
Q

What is the main disease related to obesity?

A

Diabetes

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3
Q

Prevalence vs. Incidence

A

Prevalence: % of people having diabetes
Incidence: rate of people having diabetes

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4
Q

__% prevalence of obesity?

A

35%

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5
Q

What is leptin?

A

Obese gene found in mice, leptin is secreted by adipocytes. Leptin acts on the hypothalamus to decrease food intake, body weight, inc. in energy expenditure.

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6
Q

What occurs in mice when they have a leptin deficiency? What occurs when mice are injected with leptin? Humans?

A

Leptin deficiency causes them to overeat, when injected with leptin, their diabetes improved, lost weight.
When injected into obese humans, their had higher plasma leptin BUT they are leptin resistant

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7
Q

Development of Obesity?

A

denial, under reporting of intake, eating styles, appetite /hunger/ satiety signals, alcohol, high fat diet, TV/activity, low self esteem decreases activity

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8
Q

Health risks of obesity? What is one health risk that decreases when obese?

A
  • CVD
  • T2DM
  • Hypertension
  • sleep apnea
  • gall bladder disease
  • reproduction
  • decrease risk in osteoporosis
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9
Q

What is sleep apnea and what can help them?

A

People with sleep apnea have difficulties breathing at night. Their body forgets to breathe, which can cause restless sleep.
Continuous Positive Airway Pressure (CPAP): blows humidified air, helps to accelerate breathing

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10
Q

What are the main risks of obesity?

A

Health, Economic, Psychosocial

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11
Q

Economic risks of obesity?

A
  • Discrimination against obesity
  • Diet industry
  • specialized products
  • healthcare
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12
Q

Psychosocial risks of obesity?

A
  • Body image
  • lack of self confidence, isolation
  • prejudice and discrimination
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13
Q

Successful treatment of obesity?

A

-Goal: gradual and persistent weight loss achieved through decreased intake and increase expenditure
retain to new eating habits/ lifestyle
-New definition of success: lose 10% of body weight and maintain loss for 1 year
-After 2-5 yrs, long term success increases

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14
Q

Adipose tissue is __% fat

A

87%

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15
Q

__kcal deficit is necessary to lose __kg of fat

A

7700kcal, 1kg

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16
Q

Recommended rate of weight loss?

A

0.5kg/week to max 10% of wt in 6 months

17
Q

True or False: the quicker the weight lost, the more fat you lose

A

False, lose more protein

18
Q

What can maintain lean tissue and increase energy expenditure?

A

Excercise

19
Q

Realistic deficit in energy balance of __kcal/day? How is this achieved?

A

550kcal/day

This is achieved by increase in exercise and decrease in intake

20
Q

What are some reasonable energy restricted plans?

A
  • variety of ordinary prices nutrient dense foods (low in energy density)
  • balance between food grous
  • Protein: 1-2x RDA
  • Complex CHO and fibre for satiety, spares protein
  • Make fat count
  • Eat small meals, with water
  • decrease sugar, hidden fats, alcohol
21
Q

What is the problem with low carb ketogenic diets?

A
  • Quick wt loss ( muscle and water)
  • not sustainable (high carb to maintain wt loss)
  • inc. satiety (ketosis, hypoglycemia)
  • long term health: high cholesterol, fat, sat.fat, low in fibre, antioxidants, phytochemicals
22
Q

Rapid wt loss is defined by

A

losing 1.5-2 pounds lost/week

23
Q

What helps to maintain wt loss?

A
  • Social support: family, friends
  • Physical Activity: exercise, lifestyle
  • Behavioural Modification: know eating habits, plan ahead, hunger vs. appetite
  • Positive talk: self talk
  • Realistic Expectations: time, body image
24
Q

What Behaviour Modifications need to be made for wt loss?

A
  • Eliminate inappropriate cues
  • strengthen appropriate cues
  • don’t punish if you slip, keep track
  • suppress cues you cannot eliminate
  • repeat desired behaviours
  • immediate positive reward for positive behaviours
25
Q

National Weight Loss Registry state that people who maintain weight loss have…

A

High levels of physical activity (1 hr/day)
Eat low fat, high CHO diet
regular self monitoring of wt
maintaining wt loss for 2-5 yrs decreases risk of regain by 50%

26
Q

National Weight Loss Registry: what is the major cause when people regain wt loss?

A

Behaviour Modification: decrease in PA, decrease in dietary restraint, not self monitoring wt, increase in fat consumption

27
Q

What are some benefits of exercise induced wt loss?

A
  • inc. in energy expenditure
  • short term inc. in BMR hours after exercise
  • long term inc. in BMR due to increased LBM (lean body mass)
  • targets fat loss and increases muscle
  • appetite control
  • control of stress or boredom eating
  • psychological and self esteem benefits
28
Q

Surgical treatments for Obesity?

A

Gastric bypass and gastric banding

29
Q

Gastric bypass

A

Very effective

  • food enters a small stomach pouch, travels from upper part of stomach to lower part of SI (jejunum).
  • By passes majority of stomach and some of the SI
  • protein and mineral deficiency may occur (not able to absorb)
30
Q

Gastric Banding

A
  • reduces opening of esophagus to stomach

- band can inflate or deflate, controlled by port places in abdomen

Nutrition and Health (2 decks)

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