Iron, Zinc, Copper, Iodine: Micronutrients Flashcards
Micronutrients are essential or non essential?
ESSENTIAL: not synthesized in the body fast enough.
Micronutrient bioavailability and toxicity
Bioavailability varies, with diet and whether you are deficient or not.
Toxicity can occur when overload
Metalloenzymes function
Generally perform in redox rxns
What is the ratio of Na:K for people with hypertension?
high Na, low K
Vitamins are essential and organic nutrients
T
Vitamins generally function as
coenzymes
Fat soluble vitamins and water soluble vitamins
Fat soluble: A,D,E,K
Water soluble: B’s, C
Vitamin B1
Thiamin, pyruvate decarboxylation
Vitamin B2
Riboflavin, FAD, FMN
Vitamin B3
Niacin, NAD, NADP
Vitamin B5
Pantothenic Acid, CoA in Acetyl CoA
Vitamin B6
Pyridoxine, transanimation rxns
What are the 2 functions of Coenzymes?
Hormonal Function: Vit A as retenoic acid, used for cell differentiation
Antioxidant Function: Vit E is a lipid soluble antioxidant
2 kinds of Nutritional Anemia
1) Iron Deficiency: Hypochromic (RBC are pale)
Microcytic Anemia: RBC smaller
2) Folate or Vit B12 Deficiency:
- Megaloblastic Anemia : (Large, immature RBC)
-Pernicious Anemia (likely B12 deficiency, older people)
What is Heme made out of?
Amino Acids, NOT PROTEIN
Iron functions?
- transfer O2
- part of Heme group in a protein (Hemoglobin: transports O2 to tissues, Myoglobin: O2 storage in muscles)
Signs and symptoms of Anemia?
- tiredness
- dec. in work preformance
- dec, in childhood development
- inc in lead poisoning
Men Hgb vs Women Hgb?
Men : <140g/L
Women: < 120g/L
Who are at greater risk of anemia?
Women and children
Explain Iron Metabolism
Ferritin, transferretin, bone marrow (Fe2+ and phytoporphyrin = heme, hemoglobin, RBC, liver forms either bilirubin or recycles as Fe. Ferretin stores or transferrin
