Iron, Zinc, Copper, Iodine: Micronutrients

Question 1

Micronutrients are essential or non essential?

Answer 1

ESSENTIAL: not synthesized in the body fast enough.

Question 2

Micronutrient bioavailability and toxicity

Answer 2

Bioavailability varies, with diet and whether you are deficient or not.
Toxicity can occur when overload

Question 3

Metalloenzymes function

Answer 3

Generally perform in redox rxns

Question 4

What is the ratio of Na:K for people with hypertension?

Answer 4

high Na, low K

Question 5

Vitamins are essential and organic nutrients

Answer 5

T

Question 6

Vitamins generally function as

Answer 6

coenzymes

Question 7

Fat soluble vitamins and water soluble vitamins

Answer 7

Fat soluble: A,D,E,K

Water soluble: B’s, C

Question 8

Vitamin B1

Answer 8

Thiamin, pyruvate decarboxylation

Question 9

Vitamin B2

Answer 9

Riboflavin, FAD, FMN

Question 10

Vitamin B3

Answer 10

Niacin, NAD, NADP

Question 11

Vitamin B5

Answer 11

Pantothenic Acid, CoA in Acetyl CoA

Question 12

Vitamin B6

Answer 12

Pyridoxine, transanimation rxns

Question 13

What are the 2 functions of Coenzymes?

Answer 13

Hormonal Function: Vit A as retenoic acid, used for cell differentiation
Antioxidant Function: Vit E is a lipid soluble antioxidant

Question 14

2 kinds of Nutritional Anemia

Answer 14

1) Iron Deficiency: Hypochromic (RBC are pale)
Microcytic Anemia: RBC smaller
2) Folate or Vit B12 Deficiency:
- Megaloblastic Anemia : (Large, immature RBC)
-Pernicious Anemia (likely B12 deficiency, older people)

Question 15

What is Heme made out of?

Answer 15

Amino Acids, NOT PROTEIN

Question 16

Iron functions?

Answer 16

• transfer O2

- part of Heme group in a protein (Hemoglobin: transports O2 to tissues, Myoglobin: O2 storage in muscles)

Question 17

Signs and symptoms of Anemia?

Answer 17

• tiredness
• dec. in work preformance
• dec, in childhood development
• inc in lead poisoning

Question 18

Men Hgb vs Women Hgb?

Answer 18

Men : <140g/L

Women: < 120g/L

Question 19

Who are at greater risk of anemia?

Answer 19

Women and children

Question 20

Explain Iron Metabolism

Answer 20

Ferritin, transferretin, bone marrow (Fe2+ and phytoporphyrin = heme, hemoglobin, RBC, liver forms either bilirubin or recycles as Fe. Ferretin stores or transferrin