Obesity Flashcards
What is the definition of obesity according to WHO?
Obesity is characterized by an abnormal or excessive accumulation of body fat that impairs health.
WHO, 2018
When should obesity be diagnosed and treated as a disease?
Obesity should be diagnosed and treated as a disease according to AMA, 2013.
AMA, 2013
What are the behavioral causes of obesity?
Eating habits, limited physical activity, psychosocial disorders.
Behavioral causes include lifestyle choices and mental health factors.
List the environmental/socioeconomic causes of obesity.
- Limited access to healthy foods
- Socioeconomic status
- Environmental factors influencing physical activity
These factors can contribute to obesity prevalence.
What physiological factors can contribute to obesity?
Hormone imbalances and hypothyroidism.
These conditions can disrupt metabolic processes.
Identify genetic predispositions that can lead to obesity.
Genetic factors that influence body weight regulation.
Genetic predispositions can affect metabolism and appetite.
What are some risks associated with obesity?
- Anxiety and depression
- Heart disease & stroke
- Type II diabetes
- Cancer
- Osteoarthritis
- Sleep apnea & respiratory disorders
- Hypertension
- Pregnancy complications
- Fatty liver disease
- Urinary incontinence
These risks highlight the severe health implications of obesity.
What is metabolic syndrome?
A cluster of conditions that increase the risk of heart disease, stroke, and diabetes.
Often associated with obesity.
What does the assessment for obesity include?
- Health history
- Recent weight fluctuations
- Family history
- Dietary patterns
- Exercise patterns
- Sleep habits
- Prescribed medications
- Smoking status
Comprehensive assessments are crucial for effective management.
What is the Body Mass Index (BMI) range for Class I obesity?
30–34.9.
BMI is a common measure used to classify obesity.
What are the different management strategies for obesity?
- Lifestyle modifications
- Pharmacologic therapy
- Nonsurgical interventions
- Surgical interventions
These strategies aim to promote weight loss and maintenance.
What are some lifestyle modification strategies for obesity management?
- Adopting behavioral interventions
- Setting weight loss goals
- Managing stress
- Prioritizing sleep
- Adjusting dietary habits
- Increasing physical activity
Lifestyle changes are foundational in obesity management.
What are the indications for pharmacologic therapy for obesity?
- BMI > 30
- BMI > 27 with related comorbidities (e.g., DM II, HTN)
Pharmacologic therapy is considered when lifestyle changes are insufficient.
What is vagal blocking in the context of obesity treatment?
An implanted device intermittently blocks the vagus nerve to aid weight loss.
This is an example of a nonsurgical intervention.
What are the types of bariatric procedures?
- Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB)
- Sleeve gastrectomy
- Gastric banding
- Biliopancreatic diversion with duodenal switch
Each procedure has unique mechanisms and outcomes.
What are the preoperative considerations for bariatric surgery?
- Education and counseling
- Risks and benefits of surgery
- Post-surgical outcomes
- Dietary changes pre-op
Preoperative preparation is crucial for successful outcomes.
What dietary changes are recommended post-bariatric surgery?
- Clear liquids for the first 48 hours
- Advance to full liquids, pureed diets, soft foods, solid foods by week 8.
Proper nutrition is vital for recovery and long-term success.
What potential complications should be assessed postoperatively?
- Anastomotic leakage
- Fever
- Abdominal pain
- Tachycardia
- Leukocytosis
Monitoring for these complications is essential for patient safety.
What is dumping syndrome?
A condition occurring within 2 hours of eating, characterized by symptoms such as tachycardia, dizziness, and abdominal cramping.
It can be a significant post-surgical complication.
What are some medications that can affect weight?
- Wegovy
- Ozempic
- Zepbound
- Antiobesity medications
These medications can aid in weight management but come with potential side effects.
What are the side effects of antiobesity medications?
- Oily discharge
- Flatulence
- Increased defecation
- Abnormal sensations
- Dizziness
- Altered taste
- Insomnia
- Constipation
Awareness of side effects is important for patient education.
What is the average monthly cost range for antiobesity medications without insurance?
$900 to $1,350.
High costs can limit access to these medications.
What are the inclusion criteria for bariatric surgery?
- BMI ≥ 40 kg/m2 without excessive surgical risk
- BMI ≥ 35 kg/m2 with severe obesity-associated comorbid conditions
- BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2 with type 2 diabetes
These criteria help determine surgical candidacy.
List some exclusion criteria for bariatric surgery.
- Reversible endocrine disorders
- Current substance use disorder
- Uncontrolled severe psychiatric illness
- Lack of comprehension of risks and benefits
Exclusion criteria ensure patient safety and appropriate candidacy.
What dietary guidelines should patients follow post-surgery?
- Eat smaller, more frequent meals
- Focus on protein and fiber
- Avoid drinking fluids with meals
- Consume prescribed dietary supplements
Following these guidelines can enhance recovery and weight loss.
What is the average weight loss after bariatric surgery within 2 years?
10-35% of excess weight.
Most weight loss occurs within the first 5 years.
What are some causes of weight regain post-bariatric surgery?
- Hormonal imbalances
- Dietary non-adherence
- Physical inactivity
- Mental health conditions
- Surgical failure
Understanding these factors is important for managing outcomes.
What strategies can help prevent and manage weight regain after surgery?
- Cognitive behavioral therapy
- Lifestyle counseling
- Counseling with a dietitian
- Pharmacological therapy
- Surgical conversion
These strategies can support long-term success.
