Obesity

Question 1

What is the prevalence of obesity in the UK and worldwide?

Answer 1

• UK- if no action taken 60% of men and 40% of women will be obese by 2050.
• Worldwide- >2.1 billion (30% global population) overweight or obese.

Question 2

Normal BMI

Answer 2

18.5-24.9

Question 3

Define Obesity.

Answer 3

• Pre-obese - BMI of 25-29.9
• Obesity Class 1 - BMI of 30-34.9
• Obesity Class 2 - BMI of 35-39.9
• Obesity Class 3 - BMI of over/equal to 40

Question 4

What are the health implications of excess weight gain?

Answer 4

Increased risk of co-morbidities - depression, anxiety, CVD, arthritis, cancer, liver disease, asthma, diabetes, stroke, sleep apnea.

Question 5

WHO Global Strategy on Diet, Physical Activity and Health (2004)

Answer 5

Promote and protect health through healthy eating and physical activity:

• 1- reduce risk factors for chronic diseases that stem from unhealthy diets and inactivity via public health actions
• 2- increase awareness and understanding of the influences of diet and exercise on health and the positive impact of preventative measures.
• 3- develop, strengthen and implement gobal, regional, national policies and action plans to improve diets amd increase exercise that are sustainable, comprehensive and actively engage all sectors.
• 4- monitor science and promote research on diet and exercise.

Question 6

What factors cause excess weight gain?

Answer 6

• Genetics - POLYGENIC mutations of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPARG) (Pro12ala), uncoupling proteins (UCPs), beta adrenergic receptors, FTO, MC4R, NPY2R, emerging evidence of reward behaviour genes being linked and genes linked to variation in weight through taste.
• Environmental - methods of farming, cooking, fetching water for Pima Indians
• Portion Size - large portions of energy dense food facilitates overconsumption (portion size effect, PSE). Without compensation, PSE may promote overconsumption and weight gain over time.
• Lifestyle - increased TV watching, decreased fruit and veg consumption, sugar intake (sweetened beverages)

Question 7

Energy Balance

Answer 7

Trying to balance intake and expenditure.

• Intake - proteins, fats, carbs, alcohol
• Expenditure - activity, thermic effect of food, and basal metabolic rate.

Affected by individual/biological susceptibility, dietary patterns, exercise patterns, age, socioeconomic status

Question 8

What are modifiable behaviours treated in childhood obesity?

Answer 8

• Diet

- Activity