Obesity Flashcards
what is obesity?
a complex, chronic, multifactorial disease that is the result from the interaction between genetics and other factors including:
- nutritional, psychological, physiological, behavioural, environment and social
how is obesity a chronic disease?
- it’s a lifelong condition that a person needs to manage for the rest of their lives
- the body wants to keep your weight at the highest it has ever been so it adapts
what 3 things happen with obesity?
- appetite increases
- resting metabolic rate decreases
- calories burned during physical activity decreases, the body becomes more fuel efficient
how can depression lead to obesity?
since depression affects your mood, metabolism, energy levels, appetite and interest in physical, a depressed individual is more likely to gain weight
how do anxiety disorders cause obesity?
when you’re anxious your body is in a constant state of stress which increases your stress hormone cortisol which makes it easier for your body to accumulate fat as a protective measure
how does ADHD lead to obesity?
people with ADHD are more impulsive so they have less control over food intake. control over food quality is less because you eat in the moment and it’s unstructured causing you to avoid meal planning
how does trauma lead to obesity?
trauma has significant impacts on metabolism, behaviour and appetite. food can be used as a coping mechanism and can lead to pathological eating behaviours such as binge eating disorder
what is the Edmonton obesity staging system?
it consists of 4 stages and is not just focused on weight.
- considers the presence of risk factors, presence of physical symptoms, presence of psychological symptoms and any functional limitation
how is BMI calculated?
it is calculated by dividing weight in kg by heights in meter squared
why is BMI alone not a sufficient measure of obesity?
because BMI does not account for body type. many people with a high muscle mass are considered obese even though they have very little body fat
what is metabolic syndrome (syndrome X)?
Metabolic syndrome is a collection of risk factors that increases an individual’s chance of developing cardiovascular disease and diabetes mellitus
what is the main underlying risk factor for metabolic syndrome?
insulin resistance r/t to visceral fat. the body’s cells have a diminished ability to respond to the actions of insulin. due to this the pancreas secretes more insulin which results in hyperinsulinemia
what are some psychosocial health risks associated with obesity?
depression, low self-esteem, social isolateion
what are some endocrine/metabolic health risks associated with obesity?
type 2 diabetes, metabolic syndrome, polycystic ovary syndrome
what are some cardiovascular health risks associated with obesity?
hyperlipidemia, right-sided heart-failure, CAD, hypertension
