OB Women's Health Flashcards by Amee KrissyLee Salazar

Name 3 things that are important to know on a health history for women

Menstrual history 
Pregnancies
Menses
Sexual history
Genital mutalation
Domestic Violence
Incest in childhood sexual abuse
Rape and sexual assault
Health issues in women with disabilities 
Lesbian health

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*Why is it important to do a vaginal and rectal exam

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Name 3 parts of the female genitalia

Clitoris
labia minora and majora
urinary meatus

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Describe a bimanual exam

physical examination of the external and internal female pelvic organs
Two hands used for “manual palpation”

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Name the main diagnostic test done on women

Pap smear

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What are some s/s of PMS

Fatigue
Headache
Low back and breast pain
Bloating
Irritability 
Mood swings
Binge eating

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What is dysmenorrhea

Painful periods “cramps”

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What are some causes of amenorrhea

Pregnancy
stress
nutritional disturbances 
Athletes 
Pituitary and thyroid dysfunction
Ovarian Problems

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Define metorrhagia, and postmenopausal bleeding

menorrhagia- Prolonged/excessive period (can lead to anemia)

Metorrhagia- bleeding between periods (could be cancer, benign tumors or other GYN problems)

Postmenopausal bleeding- bleeding 1 year after no periods

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Name 5 vulvovaginal infections

Candidiasis(yeast)
Bacterial vaginosis
Trichomoniasis
HPV
Herpes
Toxic shock syndrom
Chlamydia
Gonorrhea
PID 
HIV

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Which infection has a discharge with a fishy odor

bacterial vaginosis

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What does HPV look like on the cervix / what is it a precursor for

Flakiness / scaly / slough off

Cancer

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what is trichomonis

infection caused by a parasite

s/s Foul-smelling vaginal discharge, genital itching, and painful urination in women, men typically have no symptoms

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which sex has the more signs and symptoms of gonorrhea

Males- yellow/white/green discharge, pain or burning feeling when you pee, pain or swelling in your testicles

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where can PID spread to

reproductive organs

can cause ectopic pregnancy, chronic lower belly pain, and infertility

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Describe cystocele / rectocele / enterocele

Cystocele- bulge of the bladder into the vagina

Rectocele- tissue wall between the rectum and vagina weakens

Enterocele- herniation of perineal sac between vagina and rectum (small intestine decends into the lower pelvic cavity and pushes at the top of the vagina

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what is a vaginal fistula

an abnormal connection between the rectum and vagina causing foul-smelling vaginal discharge, leaking of stool or recurrent UTI’s

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*what is an important thing to prevent in a patient with organ prolapse

Pelvic muscle exercises (Kegals)

*right or wrong??

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what is a pessary and what are they used for

It is a soft removable device that goes in your vagina that supports areas that are affected by a pelvic organ prolapse

Name two benign disorders women can have

Vulvitis 
vulvar cysts
vulvar dystrophy
ovarian cyst
endometriosis
adenomyosis

where are leiomyomas found / what is another name for them

affect smooth muscle tissue on the uterus

Fibroids

How can endometriosis be resolved

resolves with pregnancy, oopherectomy, and menopause

a common symptom of endometriosis is dysparuria

Painful intercourse

what is endometriosis

when endometrial tissue grows outside of the uterus

describe infertility

unable to conceive after one year of unprotected sex

Describe ectopic pregnancy

a pregnancy in which the fertilized egg implants outside of the uterus

what can a decrease in estrogen cause in a woman going though menopause

``` Bone formation decrease Vaginal lubrication decrease Increase Ph of vagina Thinning of GU tissue Prolapsed organs Vasomotor instability Thin pubic hair ```

How can a woman manage menopause

horomone replacement therapy

Name three cancers specific to women

cervical cancer ovarian cancer fallopian tube cancer vulvar cancer

what are some management options for cancerous patients

pharmacologic Radiation Surgical

what are method of radiation

indirect and direct

what should be done if a intracavitary radiation device falls out of a patient

Put lead gloves on, remove it, place in lead container, and close it. If pregnant avoid working with these patients

describe different types of hysterectomy

Total: uterus / cervix Subtotal: uterus Bilateral salpingo oopherectomy: tubes and ovaries PAN hysterectomy: Nodes, upper third of vaginal and surrounding tissue

Define shoulder dystocia

occurs when a babys head is delivered through the vagina, but the babys shoulders get stuck inside the mothers body.

Name 5 patients who have a higher risk of having shoulder dystocia

``` Macrosomia maternal diabetics abnormal labor maternal obesitiy Previous shoulder dystocia Short maternal stature operative interventions augmentation or induction ```

True or false | 70%-90% of macrosomic babies deliver with some sort of dystocia

False

what are some causes of shoulder dystocia

increased resistance between the fetal skin and vaginal walls (macrosomia) large chest relative to the bipartial diameter of the head (diabetes) Truncal rotation did not occur (precipitous) Impaction of the posterior shoulder on the sacral promontory

what is s/s of shoulder dystocia

retraction of fetal head against the maternal perineum( (turtle sign)

what should happen when shoulder dystocia has been diagnosed

``` No further traction No fundal pressure Stop maternal pushing Stay calm and in charge of the situation Notify physician ```

what maneuvers can be used when shoulder dystocia is present

McRoberts episiotomy all fours woods corkscrew

describe McRoberts maneuver

symphsis pubis is rotated, cephalad and the sacrum is straightened. these motions push the posterior shoulder over the sacral promontory allowing it to fall into hallow of the sacrum and rotate the symphysis over the impacted shoulder thus freeing it

what is suprapubic pressure?

appling pressure to the top of the mothers abdomen over the suprapubic area to help rotate the babys anterior shoulder

what is gastins position

all fours

decribe wood corkscrew

the shoulders must be rotated applying pressue on the scapula and clavicle, while making sure that the head is never rotate. During the maneuver, the head should never be grasped.

What complications can happen to a mom with shoulder dystocia

``` PPH episiotomy extension 4th degree laceration vaginal laceration cervical laceration bladder atony d/t bruising uterine rupture ```

what complications can happen to a baby with shoulder dystocia

brachial plexus Clavical or humerus fx brain injury

what is the key factor to avoid a law suit

document well!!!

OB Women's Health Flashcards

womens health