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Adult 1 > OB/Peds Exam 1 > Flashcards

OB/Peds Exam 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Neonatal period

A

Birth-28 days

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2
Q

Infant period

A

1-12 months

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3
Q

Toddler period

A

1-3 years

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4
Q

Preschool period

A

3-6 years

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5
Q

School age period

A

6-12 years

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6
Q

Prepubertal period

A

10-13 years

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7
Q

Adolescence period

A

13-18 years

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8
Q

Cephalocaudal

A

Head to toe

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9
Q

Proximodistal

A

Near to far

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10
Q

When do you measure length while they’re laying supine?

A

Under 36 months

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11
Q

Sequential trends

A

Definite sequence, each child normally passes through every stage. Crawl before standing, stand before walking.

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12
Q

Polymorphisms

A

Differences within a gene found in more than 1% of a particular population

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13
Q

What is the pattern of inheritance referred to as?

A

Unifactorial or single-gene because a single gene controls a trait or disorder.

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14
Q

Only one copy of a variant allele is needed to express the disorder

A

Autosomal Dominant

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15
Q

Both genes must be abnormal for the disorder to be expressed

A

Autosomal Recessive

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16
Q

Extrinsic mechanical forces on normally developed tissue

A

Deformations

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17
Q

Breakdown of previously normal tissue

A

Disruptions

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18
Q

Abnormal organization of cells into a particular cell type. Cause congenital abnormalities of the teeth, hair, nails, or sweat glands

A

Dysplasia

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19
Q

Abnormal formations of organs or body parts

A

Malformations

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20
Q

When do most malformations occur?

A

Before 12 weeks gestation

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21
Q

Recognized pattern of anomalies resulting from a single specific cause

A

Syndrome

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22
Q

Non random pattern of malformations for which a cause has not been determined

A

Association

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23
Q

When one anomaly leads to a cascade of others

A

Sequence

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24
Q

What genetic abnormalities do nurses often note?

A

Dysmorphic facial features, unusual cry, poor feeding, hypotonia, abnormal reflexes

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25
Q

What do you ask about when you notice a genetic abnormality?

A

Health history (minimum of 3 generations), sudden cardiac death, early onset cancer, mental illness

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26
Q

Delayed sexual maturation

A

Turner syndrome

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27
Q

Fragile X

A

Developmental delays, growth and behavior delays

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28
Q

How many fontanels and when do they close?

A

Anterior and posterior, posterior closes at 2 months, anterior is almost closed at 12 months, closed by 18 months

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29
Q

Growth of infants

A

Increases 5-7 oz per week until 6 months when birth weight is doubled. Then it slows and will triple birth weight by 1 year

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30
Q

Height growth

A

Increases 1 in per month for first 6 months then slows. Height increases in trunk, not legs

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31
Q

Chest circumference equals head circumference when?

A

By end of 1st year

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32
Q

Fetal hgb is present for how long?

A

1st 5 months, then adult hgb rises

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33
Q

Maternal iron stores for how long

A

5-6 months then supplement is needed

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34
Q

Normal GI

A

Immature digestion, loose stools, strain to have BM

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35
Q

Normal GU

A

Immature renal system, dehydration because they can’t concentrate urine

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36
Q

When are infants able to see two pictures as one?

A

6 weeks-4 months

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37
Q

When do infants develop depth perception?

A

7-9 months

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38
Q

Fine and gross motor skills

A

pg 865-69

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39
Q

When are infants able to roll from abdomen to back

A

By 5 months

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40
Q

When are infants able to roll from back to abdomen?

A

By 6 months

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41
Q

Sitting at 4 months

A

Rounded back with head control

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42
Q

Sitting at 7 months

A

Tripod sitting

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43
Q

Sitting at 8 months

A

Sit unsupported

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44
Q

Sitting at 10 months

A

Can go from prone to sitting

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45
Q

Coordination of arms

A

4-6 months

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46
Q

Bears weight on legs with assistance, crawls with abdomen on floor

A

6-7 months

47
Q

Crawls with abdomen off floor

A

9 months

48
Q

Can stand while holding onto furniture, gets down by falling

A

9 months

49
Q

Walks while holding onto furniture

A

11 months

50
Q

Walks while holding one hand

A

12 months

51
Q

Hands are closed

A

1 month

52
Q

Hands mostly open

A

3 months

53
Q

Grasp object due to reflexes

A

2-3 months

54
Q

Voluntarily grasp an object

A

5 months

55
Q

Transfer object from one hand to another

A

7 months

56
Q

Crude pincer grasp

A

8-9 months

57
Q

Deliberately let go of object and offer

A

10 months

58
Q

Fine pincer grasp

A

11 months

59
Q

Build a tower of two blocks but fails

A

12 months

60
Q

Trust vs mistrust

A

Birth-1 year. Freud’s oral stage, taking in senses of parent’s trust or mistrust. Result is faith and optimism

61
Q

Autonomy vs shame and doubt

A

1-3 years. Freud’s anal stage, ability to control body want to do things themselves, walk, decision making. Outcomes are self-control and willpower

62
Q

Initiative vs guilt

A

3-6 years. Development of a conscience. Freud’s phallic stage, outcomes are direction and purpose

63
Q

Industry vs. inferiority

A

6-12 years. Latency period of Freud, engage in tasks and complete, cooperate with others, learn rules, Earn a sense of competence

64
Q

Identity vs role confusion

A

12-18 years. Freud’s genital period, aware of how others view them, decisions on occupations, inability to solve core conflict results in role confusion. Outcome is devotion and fidelity to others and to values and ideologies.

65
Q

Piaget

A

Theory of children’s thinking, intellectual development

66
Q

Sensorimotor stage

A

Birth-2 years. Develop cause and offed, problem solving by trial and error, curiosity, object permanence, toward need they begin to use language and representational thought.

67
Q

Preoperational stage

A

2-7 years. Can only see things from their own point of view, can’t think abstractly, think all women with big bellies have babies.

68
Q

Concrete operations stage

A

7-11 years. Able to organize facts for problem solving, thought becomes less self-centered.

69
Q

Formal operations stage

A

11-15 years. Draw logical conclusions from a set of observations, make hypotheses and test them, consider abstract matters.

70
Q

When does mistrust develop?

A

When trust-promoting experiences are deficient or lacking or basic needs are inconsistently or inadequately met.

71
Q

Cooing and crying

A

Birth-2 months

72
Q

Single vowel sounds

A

2 months

73
Q

Consonants and laugh

A

4 months

74
Q

One syllable

A

6 months

75
Q

Combo syllables, no meaning, can imitate

A

7 months

76
Q

Understands simple commands, no

A

9 months

77
Q

Adds meaning to dada and mama

A

10-11 months

78
Q

3-5 words besides mama and dada

A

12 months

79
Q

Teething

A

Lower central incisors are first around 6-8 months

80
Q

Signs of teething

A

Drooling, swollen gums, irritability, low grade temp

81
Q

How to soothe teething pain?

A

Cold, tylenol, teething tabs/orajel

82
Q

Dental health of infant

A

Wipe with damp cloth initially, soft bristled brush when teeth erupt, no toothpaste, do not put to bed with bottle or juice

83
Q

Hep B

A

?

84
Q

Hep A

A

Spread by fecal-oral rough and person-to-person contact, ingestion of contaminated food, rarely by blood transfusion. Abrupt onset with fever, malaise, anorexia, nausea, dark urine, jaundice.

85
Q

Rotavirus

A

?

86
Q

Haemophilus influenzae type b

A

?

87
Q

Pneumococcal

A

?

88
Q

Poliovirus

A

?

89
Q

Measles mumps rubella

A

?

90
Q

Varicella

A

?

91
Q

Meningococcal

A

?

92
Q

When does chest circum. exceed head circum?

A

In toddler years

93
Q

How much weight do toddlers gain per year?

A

4-6 pounds

94
Q

How much height do toddlers grow per year?

A

3 inches. Grow in legs and not trunk, makes a pot belly. Adult height is about 2x the 2 year old height

95
Q

Negativism

A

Toddlers want to say no to every question asked of them. Do not ask them a yes or no question. Say you’re going to take their vitals now. If you ask and they say no and you do it anyway, they begin to mistrust you.

96
Q

Ritualism

A

The need to maintain sameness and reliability, provides a sense of comfort.

97
Q

Egocentrism

A

Inability to envision situations from perspectives other than one’s own.

98
Q

Global organization

A

Reasoning that changing any one part of the whole changes the entire whole.

99
Q

Animism

A

Attributing lifelike qualities to inanimate objects. Example: being mad at the stairs for making you fall

100
Q

Magical thinking

A

Believing that thoughts are all-powerful and can cause events

101
Q

Inability to conserve

A

Inability to understand the idea that a mass can be changes in size, shape, volume, or length without losing or adding to the original mass.

102
Q

Domestic mimicry

A

?

103
Q

3-5 words, points to objects, holophrases “up,” we can understand about 25% of what they say

A

12 months

104
Q

More than 10 words

A

18 months

105
Q

300 words, multiword sentences, we can understand 65% of what they say

A

2 years

106
Q

Last name and one color

A

30 months

107
Q

Simple sentences, 5-6 new words a day, use a lot of gestures

A

3 years

108
Q

Physiologic anorexia

A

At 12-18 months growth rate slows so they need less calories

109
Q

Eats the same food as family

A

12 months

110
Q

When does a child need an oral exam?

A

By 6-12 months

111
Q

When can you start using soft bristled toothbrushes?

A

1 year

112
Q

When can you start using actual toothpaste?

A

2 years. Pea sized amount, must learn how to spit it out, need to floss

113
Q

Major stressors for children

A

Limited understanding of illness, separation, loss of control, bodily injury/mutilation, pain

114
Q

Greatest stressor during early childhood

A

Separation anxiety, try to prevent

Adult 1 (8 decks)

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