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Senior Obstetrics and Gynaecology > Ob Gyn Crash Course Book Questions > Flashcards

Ob Gyn Crash Course Book Questions Flashcards

All questions and answers from obgyn crash course book

1
Q

What is spontaneous abortion?

A

Miscarriages occurring before 20th week of gestation.

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2
Q

What is fetal demise?

A

Death after 20 weeks gestation in utero

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3
Q

What is another name for vulva?

A

Pudendum

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4
Q

Borders of the vagina?

A

Mons pubis anterior
Rectum posterior
thigh folds lateral

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5
Q

What is the main support muscles etc of the vagina?

What is anterior to the vagina?

Where does it drain?

What is the blood supply?

A

Endopelvic fascia - perrineal membrane teenagers personal muscl and urethral spinchter

Anterior to vagina is bladder

Drains to external Iliac nodes, common and internal iliac nodes and superficial inguinal nodes

Blood supply vaginal artetry from internal Iliac

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6
Q

Weight of uterus at different demographic stages

A

Non pregnant reproductive age 50 g
Pregnant
Post menopausal 40g
Previous pregnancy up to 110 g

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7
Q

Weight of uterus at different demographic stages

A

Non pregnant reproductive age 50 g
Pregnant
Post menopausal 40g
Previous pregnancy up to 110 g

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8
Q

Ligaments of the uterus

A

Broad ligament - cervix and body made from the pelvis peritoneum reflects on back of bladder to sides of uterus and sides of pelvis

Cardinal ligament

Recto uterine ligaments - from posterior cervix to sacrum

Round ligaments - xonnect uterus to anterolayeral abdominal wall located inside broad ligament

This is what docs think is hurting when they say ligamentous pain

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9
Q

What is the artery of Samson?

A

Located in round ligament and is lighted during a hysterectomy

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10
Q

What is uterine blood supply?

What is the lymph drainage?

What is the nerve supply?

A

Blood - Uterine aretry and ovarian arteries

Lymph - Lateral aortic lymph nodes
Pelvic nodes
Iliac nodes

Nerve- Hypogastroc nerve and ovarian plexus
Splamxhnic nerve

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11
Q

What is the length of the cervix

A

3-5 cm

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12
Q

Risk factors for ectopic?

Signs of ectopic?

A 
RISK FACTORS 
History of previous tubal pregnancy 
HX of or current PID 
Fallopian  tube disease 
Use of IUD before pregnancy 
Previous tubal ligation 
Fertility treatments ⁶666⁶⁶⁶⁶⁶⁶⁶⁶⁶⁶⁶⁶⁶⁶⁶⁶⁶⁶⁶666676⁶6⁶666666666666666⁶66766766676667⁶666⁶6666⁶6⁶⁶66
SIGNS 
Vaginal bleeding
Pelvic pain 
Elevated beta HCG 
empty uterus on U/S
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13
Q

Hagar sign

A

Softening of the cervix at 6 weeks

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14
Q

At 12 weeks where xo a uterus be palpated?

A

Behind the public symphysis

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15
Q

Causes of positive hcg with no pregnancy

A
  • **Pituitary hcg produced in postmenopausal women with Hugh GNRH
  • **Enxogenous intake of HCg
  • **placental site trophoblastic cancer
  • **gestational trophoblastic cancer
  • ** stomach cancer liver cancer lung cancer bladder cancer testicular cancer
  • **
  • **
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16
Q

What fetal pole yields heartbeat on ultrasound?

A

5mm

17
Q

At What gestational age is fetal pole seen on transvaginal ultrasound?

A

5-6 weeks gestation

18
Q

Home urine pregnancy test has what kind of testing?

A

Immuno metric assayv

19
Q

Importance of finding a decidua at 6 weeks?

A

Confirms intrauterine pregnancy but does not rule out ectopic occurring concurrently

20
Q

Different hcg levels occur around the time when different structures can be seen on transvaginal ultrasound

A

Around 1800- 2000 mIU/ml you should be able to see a gestational sac in the uterus. If you don’t see anything in yje uterus then there may be an ectopic pregnancy

21
Q

Physiological changes due to pregnancy

A

CARDIAC

  • **HYPERDYNAMIC CIRCULATION STATE
  • **Cardiac output increases 30-50%
  • **Decrease in CO due to aortocaval xompression when laying down
  • **Heart rate increases from 70 to 90
  • **Pulse pressure widens die to decreased vascular resistance
  • **BP drops in 2nd trimester then normal in 3rd
  • ** oxygen consumption goes up
  • ** benign murmurs, premature ventricular and aortic contractions

HEMATOLOGY

  • **blood volume goes up
  • ** plasma 50% rbc 30% so results in dilutions anemia
  • **wbc increases
  • **iron requirements go up - supplements
  • **BUN goes down

URINARY TRACT

  • **GFR increases 30%
  • ** BUN & CREATININE go down
  • **distension of the ureter due to ureter response to elevated levels of progesterone during pregnancy and direct pressure from uterus
  • **greater effect of postural movements on kidneys

RESPIRATORY

  • **progesterone lowers co2 in blood
  • **Respi rate increases
  • **Oxygen demands increase
  • **Increases in residual lung volume and lung capacity
  • **Increase in thoracic circumference
  • ** edema and hyperemia of the lung tissue
  • **may have voice changes and SOB

GI and hepatobiliary

  • ** decrease in motility - progesterone relaxes smooth muscles
  • ** delayed gastric emptying
  • **decrease in acid secretion
  • **ALP increases in 3rd trimester due to placental production

ENDOCRINE

  • **beta hcg increases levels of estrogen and progesterone
  • ** at 10 weeks placenta produces its own hormones
  • ** produces Bhcg which is similar to tsh so causes Thyroid gland hyperplasia
  • **true hyperthyroidism in pregnancy is rare
  • **estrogen increase production of thyroid binding globulin in liver cells so free levels are normal
  • ** Increased corticosteroid production and increase in placental progesterone cause increased insulin resistance along withh increase HPL
  • **MSH increases skin pigmentation
  • **Increased prolactin levels to stimulate lactation
22
Q

What causes pigment changes in skin of pregnant woman

A

Melanocyte stimulating hormone produced by placenta

23
Q

Prolactin levels at term are?

A

Pregnant women at term have 10 tomes the prolactin of a normal woman

24
Q

Cause of peripheral oedema in pregnancy

A

Increase jn water and salt uptake by kidneys increased aldosterone and corticosterois levels due to production or corticosteroid releasing hormone produced by the placenta

25
Q

Breast engorgement and tenderness during early pregnancy is caused by?

A

Elevated estradiol levels after missed period

26
Q

What is the definition the purpureum?

A

The time. From the delivery of the placenta 26 weeks

Senior Obstetrics and Gynaecology (11 decks)

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