OB Final Review Flashcards
(125 cards)
1
Q
what has the greatest impact in reducing maternal and fetal mortality
A
antiseptics
2
Q
What is the term for infection of mothers surrounding labor delivery and post partum
A
puerperal fever
3
Q
in the 18th century who attended deliveries and where did they take place
A
midwife - in home
4
Q
what was the main factor in swaying women to deliver at hospitals rather than at home
A
anesthesia
5
Q
what is primary prevention
A
teaching to prevent illness, vaccines
6
Q
what is secondary prevention
A
health screenings, initial treatment
7
Q
what is tertiary prevention
A
rehab, long term treatment for a chronic illness
8
Q
what is family centered care
A
care for whole family (parents, siblings, grandparents)
9
Q
what is a nuclear family
A
normal
10
Q
what is a single parent family
A
mom or dad take care of kids
11
Q
what is an extended family
A
family lives together with relatives
12
Q
what is communal family
A
multiple families living together
13
Q
what is a blended family
A
his, hers, and our kids
14
Q
what is the primary focus of community based nursing
A
prevention
15
Q
what 2 hormones do the ovaries produce
A
estrogen & progesterone
16
Q
when does ovulation occur and what hormone stimulates ovulation
A
12-14 days (menstrual cycle)
LH hormone
17
Q
where does fertilization normally take place
A
Fallopian tube
18
Q
what is the function of the testes
A
produce sperm
19
Q
what hormone is produced by the placenta and is used as a positive indicator of pregnancy
A
HcG
20
Q
what is the function of amniotic fluid
A
protection, allow movement, symmetrical growth
21
Q
what and when are the 3 stages of development from fertilization to birth
A
pre-embryonic phase - fertilization-implantation (2 weeks)
embryonic phase - implantation - 8 weeks (2-8 weeks)
fetal phase - 8 weeks - birth
22
Q
when is the developing infant most vulnerable to teratogens
A
embryonic stage - 1st trimester
23
Q
what is one of the main first signs of pregnancy
A
don’t have a period
24
Q
what nutrient is important to avoid neural tube defects
A
folic acid
25
what are braxton hicks contractions
painless contractions - begin 1st trimester
26
why it is important to take iron supplements during pregnancy
more blood volume - need more iron - hemoglobin production
27
when is supine hypotension (vena cava syndrome), what are symptoms and treatment for this
woman lies on back (flat) - compresses aorta, venacava, passes out - put mom on left side
28
when should first fetal movements be felt and what is this called
quickening 16-20 weeks
29
what are ways to decrease constipation
stool softeners, increased fiber, increased fluid
30
in a urinalysis, what 2 substances are focused on in a pregnancy woman
glucose, protein
31
how would you determine EDC using the Naegele rule
add 7 days, subtract 3 months
32
where should the fundus be at 16 weeks gestation
1/2 way to belly button
33
where should fundus be at 20 weeks
at belly button
34
where should the fundus be after 20 weeks
between belly button & xiphoid process
35
what are the symptoms of true labor vs false labor
true - water broke, dilating, regular contractions
36
what are characteristics of stages of labor
latent - dilated 4 cm - contractions 5-1- min(mild)
active - dilated 4-8 cm - contractions 3-5 min(moderate)
transition - dilated 8-10 cm contractions 2-3 min(strong) - nausea/vomiting
37
second stage
complete cervical dilation (10 cm) through birth
38
third stage
from birth through delivery of placenta
39
fourth stage
delivery of placenta through 2-4 hours post delivery
40
what is the duration, intensity and frequency of contractions
how long, how strong, how often
41
what is fetal lie
position of baby before birth(longitudinal, transverse, oblique)
42
what is presentation
face, head, breech
43
what is stage
-4 to +4
44
what is attitude
flexed
45
what is a mian concern if an opioid is given to the mother close to time of birth
respiratory depression
46
what is a regional block and give examples of regional block
block a group of nerves to one area of body - epidural, spinal
47
what is a main side effect epidural and spinal administration
maternal hypo tension
48
what is done prior to starting an epidural to avoid this
fluid bolus of lactated Ringers
49
what is genreal anesthesia used in obstetrics
emergency C-section
50
what is a dangerous complication with an epidural or spinal anesthesia
maternal hypo tension
51
what is normal fetal heart rate
110-160
52
what is a later deceleration and what is the first treatment for this
decreased HR after contractions - put on side
53
internal monitoring increases the risk for
infection
54
how often are assessments made in the 4th stage of labor and delivery
every 15 min
55
what are symptoms of the placenta detaching during the 3rd stage
gush of blood, umbilical cord lengthens
56
what is a common complication of a newborn that was born via C section
breathing - too much fluid in lungs
57
what is the word for cervical readiness - how is this determined
ripe(shortened, short, dilated)
58
what is the name of the scoring of cervix
bishop score
59
what conditions have to be met prior to using vacuum suction or forceps
cervix dilated 10 cm
60
what is the most important determination to see if a fetus is ready to be born
L:S: 2-1 - enough surfactant
61
what are signs of poor maternal bonding
look away-not feeding-not naming
62
what are the 3 stages of lochia, what does it look like and what is the normal progression of each
rubra - red, fleshy odor(1st 3-4 days)
serosa - pink (4-10 days)
alba - white, pale yellow (after 10 days)
63
what does BUBBLE
breast, uterus, bladder, bowels, lochia, episiotimy
64
why does breast feeding cause uterine contractions
puts off more oxytocin which increases/strengthens contractions
65
what is treatment for a soft uterus immediately shortly after birth
fundal massage
66
what maternal action can result in a low weight baby
smoking
67
what chronic maternal condition can result in a large baby
diabetes
68
why is vitamin K IM injection for the NB needed
produce clotting factors(to prevent hemorrhage)
69
which infant body systems undergo the biggest adjustment after birth
circulatory, respiratory
70
what is a safety precaution to avoid mis-identification prior to leaving a baby with a mom
arm bands on mom and baby
71
where are IM injections given to infants
vastus lateralis
72
what is the best way to prevent infant heat loss
dry, swaddle, kangaroo care, hat
73
what type of eye ointment is commonly used immediately after birth and why
erythromycin - so they don't get an eye infection from vagina
74
what type of dressing is used on a circumcision site
gauze with Vaseline
75
what are benefits of breastfeeding over bottle feeding
antibodies in mothers colostrum
76
what is the name and appearance of the first milk immediately after birth
colostrum - yellow
77
when does breast milk usually come in
3rd day
78
what is a good way to determine if the baby is getting enough breast milk
6-8 diapers /day
79
what are tips for proper bottle feeding
semi reclined baby - don't prop bottle
80
when is an infant most likely to contract herpes from the mother
if mom has active lesions in 3rd trimester
81
what is the most important goal in a mom with diabetes during pregnancy
blood glucose control
82
what infection can be transmitted by cants
toxoplasmosis
83
what is a frequent complication of high glucose levels in the first trimester of pregnancy
neural tube defects - spina bifida
84
what is a concern regarding mothers with pre-existing heart conditions
cause CHF, death in labor
85
what would you as the nurse advise them to do during pregnancy
rest, left lateral sleeping, don't push
86
what is the most common cause of anemia during pregnancy
iron deficiency anemia - lack of iron
87
what is the biggest concern with a ruptured ectopic pregnancy
could bleed out/infection, hemorrhage
88
what are warning signs of impending miscarriage or premature birth
cramping, spotting, frank bleeding, clots
89
what are symptoms of eclampsia
seizures, coma, death
90
what is cervical cerclage and when is ti performed
tie cervix so baby doesn't come preterm
91
what are symptoms of placental abruption
sudden constant pain, dark red vaginal bleeding, rigid abdomen, fetal distress
92
what is preterm labor
before 38 weeks
93
what is considered post term
after 42 weeks
94
a woman is receiving Pitocin and you notice that there is little to no uterine relaxation between contractions. what should you do
stop Pitocin
95
what maneuver is first used with shoulder dystocia
Mc Roberts maneuver
96
what group of medication would be given for hypotonic uterine dysfunction
oxytoncins
97
name one medication from oxytocin class
Pitocin
98
what is the biggest risk if the usterus is atony
bleeding
99
what are characteristics of a normal uterus post partum
size of grapefruit, firm
100
what could be the problem if the uterus is positioned to one side
bladder is full
101
what are symptoms and treatments for mastitis
tender, heavy, warm, erythema, fever
| supportive care, antibiotics
102
what would you teach a mom that is going home about lochia characteristics
if it skips a phase or switches from white to pink called doctor ASAP
103
what is a tocolytic med
magnesium sulfate
104
what is magnesium sulfate antidote
calcium gluconate
105
what do oxytocics do
increase uterine contractions(pitocin, prosteglandins)
106
what do tocolytics do
stop contractions
107
polyhydramnios
lots of amniotic fluid
108
macrosomia
big baby
109
hyperemesis gravidarum
increased vomiting
110
cervical insufficiency
cervix doesn't close ( use cerclage)
111
hydatiform mole
teeth, hair, bone, cyst all together
112
spontaneous abortion
miscarriage
113
preeclamsia
edema, proteinuria, increased BP
114
eclampsia
seizure, coma, death
115
placenta previa
too low and covers cervix
116
labor dystocia
slow labor
117
precipitous labor
fast labor
118
placental abruption
placenta tears from uterus wall
119
amniotic fluid embolism
amniotic fluid gets in moms blood stream
120
shoulder dystocia
shoulder gets stuck (babies)
121
umbilical cord prolapse
cord comes out early
122
uterine atony
soft uterus (boggy)
123
uterine sub involution
uterus isn't lowering as fast as it should
124
Oxytocics
```
oxytocin - pitocin
ergonovine - ergotrate
methylogonovine - methergine
carboprost - hemabate
misoprosol - cytotec
mifepristone - RU486
```
125
Tocolytics
terbutaline - brethine
magnesium sulfate
nifedipine - procardia
indomethacin - indocin
