OB ch 13 & 14 Flashcards
what does a newborns first stool look like
thick, black, tarry
what is the newborns first stool called
meconium
why is vitamin K IM shot necessary shortly after birth
to prevent hemorrhage
what does vitamin K do
produce clotting factors
where is the vitamin k sot given
IM vastus lateralis
what organ systems undergo the most and fastest changes as soon as the baby takes its first breath
circulatory, respiratory
what fluctuation in weight happens in the first week of life
lose 6-10 oz 1st few days - regain it within 7-10 days
what are some skin variation
vernix, lauguano, milia, acrocyanosis, harlequin, erythematoxicom
what are the newborn reflexes
suck, palmar, stepping, moro, tonic neck, babinski
what is witches milk
newborns breasts become enlarged - small amount of white fluid comes out
what blood sugar level indicates hypoglycemia in a NB
50 mg/dL
what causes newborn hypoglycemia
diabetes, maternal hypertension
what is the best way to assess a newborn heart rate
apical - sleeping - 4th intercostal space
what are newborns normal vital signs
R: 30-60
P:110-160
T: 97.7-99.5
BP: 60-80/40-45
what are signs of respiratory distress in a newborn
central cyanosis, grunting, nasal flaring, tachypnea, retractions
what is APGAR
HR, respiratory, muscle tone, reflex irritability, color
when is apgar score taken
1 and 5 min after birth
what do each of the score ranges mean
0-3 - severe difficulty making transition to extrauterine
4-6- some difficulting - needs observation
7-10 - healthy body
immediately after birth, how can a nurse decrease a newborn heat loss
dry, swaddle, hat, kangaroo care
what are physiological reasons that newborns are prone to hypothermia
less body surface area, not able to produce heat by muscle movement and shivering
what does evaporation mean
newborn has wet skin - loses body heat with moisture
what does convection mean
air currents blow over newborn
what does conduction mean
newborns skin touches cold surface
what does radiation mean
cold close to baby and pulls heat away
what does surfactant do
keeps alveoli from sticking
how many and what types of blood vessels should be found in the umbilical cord
3 - 2 arteries/ 1 vein
know the brazelton behavioral states of infants
deep sleep light sleep drowsy quiet alert active alert crying
what safety measures are put in place to avoid mis-identifying an infant
bracelet on baby (mom’s name, hospital #, DOB, time of birth) matching bracelet on mom and dad
why should babies be put to sleep on their backs
to decrease risk for SIDS
what are some indications that a newborn is in pain
crying, sleeplessness, facial expressions, body movements
what are pros and cons to circumcision
Pro: decreased UTI and STI
Con: pain, anesthetic side effects, hemorrhage,infection
what is the care of the infant after circumcision
wash warm water, petroleum jelly - diaper loose
when should EMLS cream be applied
1 hr before procedure
what is first priority of a nurse when taking care of a newborn infant
suction, stimulate to cry, airway
what is a special concern for a newborn by C section
breathing
when diapering a newborn what should be done to the front of the diaper
fold down - so cord is open to air - promotes drying of cord
what can happen if an infant is swaddled too tightly
can’t breathe
what helps to develop trust in an infant
feeding, keeping dry, comfy, hold baby, swaddling, kangaroo care
when giving a first bath what should be washed off and what should be left on
wash off blood - leave vernix on if it doesn’t come off with a gentle scrub
when an infant is born what is the reason for antibiotic ointment
(erythromycin) to prevent opthalmia neonatorum - eye infection from woman with gonorrhea or chlamydia
