OB COPY Flashcards
explain dilutional anemia w pregnancy 3rd semester normal hgb 11-12g/dL
blood volume increases ~40%
plasma volume increases ~50%
RBC volume only increases ~20%
progesterone and estrogen activate RAAS, which causes water retention.
pregnancy increases which clotting factors?
VII, VIII, IX, and fibrinogen (I).
fibrinolysis activity decreases.
platelets stay the same.
end result is a hypercoagulable pt.
WBC in 3rd trimester
can get up to 30,000mm during labor
airway changes
glottic lumen narrows due to swelling
edema makes tissues more prone to bleeding
use smaller tube 6.0 ETT
use shorter handle (Datta handle) to not hit breast tissue
O2 consumption with labor
33% higher just before labor.
100% higher w labor
GI: progesterone causes..
- GI smooth muscle relaxation
- delayed gastric emptying
- increased risk of gallbladder disease/cholelithiasis (progesterone inhibits SM, so can’t clear from the gallbladder leading to biliary stasis)
renal changes during pregnancy
- increased CO leads to increase in GFR and CC
- BUN lowers to 8mg/dL
- creat lowers to 0.5mg/dL
- glucose in urine bc absorption can’t keep up w flow
- trace protein in urine for same reason
- uterus can compress the ureter and cause urinary obstruction (hydronephrosis common)
uterine blood flow at term
800mL/min (10% CO)
most ends up in intervillous space
molecular weight to cross
> 1000 daltons cross poorly.
most anesthetic drugs are <500Da and cross readily.
stages of laborstage 1
- cervical dilation in response to REGULAR uterine contractions
- effacement occurs (softening, shortening, and thinning of cervix)
stages of laborstage 2
full cervical dilation to delivery of fetus
stages of laborstage 3
includes delivery of the the placenta
3 Ps of successful vaginal delivery
powers-uterine contractions
passenger-fetal positioning to get into position
passage-bony pelvis shape, relaxation and soft tissue relaxation
parenteral opioid effects
spinal and supraspinal effects
neuraxial opioid effects
bind in substantia geltinosa (Rexed lamina II) in dorsal horn of spinal cord
normal magnesium level
1.7-2.4
Therapeutic Magnesium level
5-9
Mag level when patellar reflexes are lost
12
mag level when respiratory arrest
15-20
mag level when cardiac arrest
> 25
Mag MOA
*competitive antagonist of calcium.
Also decreases release of Ach at NMJ and sensitivity of motor endplate to Ach
unwanted fetal effects from indomethacin(3)
premature closure of ductus arteriosus, pulm htn, low amniotic fluid levels
MAC level when uterine atony becomes a concern
MAC >0.5
GTPAL
G-Gravidity T-term births P-preterm births A-abortion (spontaneous/elective) L-living children