OB 6,7,8 Flashcards
What is the best indicator of pregnancy test?
Use of a home pregnancy test detecting hCG; confirm with ultrasound.
What is required for patient education regarding abdominal ultrasound?
Must have full bladder; done at 6–8 weeks and again at 18–20 weeks.
How do you calculate Naegele’s Rule?
Subtract 3 months from the first day of the last menstrual period and add 7 days.
What tests are included in the quadruple screen?
- AFP
- hCG
- Unconjugated estriol
- Inhibin A
What do abnormal findings in the quadruple screen suggest?
- High AFP = neural tube defect
- Low AFP/hCG changes = Down syndrome/trisomy 18
What are complications associated with amniocentesis?
- Spontaneous abortion
- Infection
- Needle injury
- Leaking amniotic fluid
- Rh sensitization
What is the timeline for obstetric visits?
- Monthly until 28 weeks
- Biweekly until 36 weeks
- Weekly thereafter
Is it normal not to notice fetal heart tones until 12 weeks?
Yes, reassure mom; usually heard by Doppler at 10–12 weeks.
Are live vaccines contraindicated during pregnancy?
Yes — live vaccines are contraindicated.
What is the purpose of a Nuchal translucency test (NTT)?
Screens for chromosomal abnormalities (fluid at fetal neck).
What does GTPAL stand for?
- Gravida
- Term
- Preterm
- Abortions
- Living children
What findings are appropriate at 20 weeks?
- Fundal height at umbilicus
- Fetal movement felt
- FHR 110–160 bpm
What is chorionic villus sampling?
Genetic test between 11–13 weeks via cervix or abdomen; risk of miscarriage.
What lab tests are done between 24–28 weeks?
- Glucose challenge test (GTT)
- CBC
- Antibody screen
Why should pregnant women avoid hot tubs, baths, and hot showers?
Risk of hyperthermia → neural tube defects.
What causes toxoplasmosis?
Undercooked meat or cat feces.
What is the difference between the Bradley method and Lamaze?
- Bradley: husband-coached, no meds
- Lamaze: breathing/relaxation focus
What teaching is recommended for a mom with heartburn?
- Small meals
- Avoid lying down after eating
- Avoid spicy/fatty food
What screening is done at 35–37 weeks?
Group B Streptococcus (GBS).
What are good sources of iron?
- Red meat
- Leafy greens
- Fortified cereal
How can you help a mom with pica?
Encourage nutritious foods, safe substitutes, address embarrassment.
What risks are associated with a BMI >35 during pregnancy?
- Gestational diabetes
- Preeclampsia
- Cesarean
- LGA infant
What education is provided for hyperemesis gravidarum?
- Hydration
- Small meals
- Antiemetics if needed
- Watch for dehydration signs
What are the signs and symptoms of dehydration?
- Dry mouth
- Poor skin turgor
- Dark urine
- Decreased output
What is a threatened abortion?
Vaginal bleeding without cervical dilation in early pregnancy.
What are the signs and symptoms of ectopic pregnancy?
- Abdominal pain
- Vaginal bleeding
- Shoulder pain
- Dizziness
What should be given to an Rh– mom after spontaneous abortion?
RhoGAM within 72 hours.
What are the signs of infection after abortion?
- Fever
- Foul discharge
- Heavy bleeding
- Pelvic pain
What is a molar pregnancy?
Abnormal placental growth — no fetus develops.
What are the risk factors for placenta previa?
- Prior C-section
- Smoking
- Uterine scarring
- Short intervals between pregnancies
What are the signs and symptoms of hypovolemic shock?
- Rapid HR
- Low BP
- Pallor
- Cold/clammy skin
- Confusion
What is the greatest risk for emergency hysterectomy?
Placenta accreta.
What qualifies as gestational hypertension?
BP ≥140/90 after 20 weeks with no proteinuria.
What education should be provided for gestational diabetes?
- Diet
- Glucose checks
- Exercise
- Signs of hypo/hyperglycemia
- Fetal monitoring
Cocaine use increases the risk for what?
Placenta previa and abruption.
What are the risk factors for preeclampsia/eclampsia?
- First pregnancy
- Obesity
- Diabetes
- Multiples
- Prior history
- Age >35
When should RhoGAM be given?
At 28 weeks, after CVS, abortion, or trauma.
