OA vs RA Flashcards

1
Q

What is the most common form of arthritis?

A

Osteoarthritis

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2
Q

What is the cause of osteoarthritis?

A

No single cause;

  • biomechanical
  • genetic
  • metabolic factors (play a role)
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3
Q

Who are the most common people affected by OA? What increases the risk?

A
  • Women over 45

- Increases with age

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4
Q

What are the risk factors associated with OA?

A
  • Obesity
  • Overuse of joint
  • Infection
  • Trauma
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5
Q

What happens with OA? What is the affected tissue made up of?

A
  • Affects articular cartilage that surrounds subchondral bone
  • The cartilage is type II collagen, chondrocytes, and proteoglycans
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6
Q

What and why is the tissue affected in a pt with OA?

A

The cartilage matrix is affected by…

  • decreased synthesis and
  • increased catabolism
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7
Q

How does OA damage the tissues associated with it?

A
  • Damages cartilage
  • Makes cartilage thinner
  • Decreases proteoglycans
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8
Q

Where is OA most common?

A
  • Weight bearing joints

- Hands

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9
Q

In OA, what are Bouchard’s and Herbeden’s nodes?

A
  • enlargement of the proximal interphalangeal joints (PIP’s)

- enlargement of the distal interphalangeal joints (DIP’s) of the fingers

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10
Q

What are 5 characteristics associated with OA?

A
  • Pain with activity that decreases with rest
  • Morning stiffness
  • Joint locking
  • Crepitus (crunchy)
  • Effusion (painful, little articular cartilage)
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11
Q

What can X Rays show with OA? What defects present with OA?

A
  • Cyst and subchondral bone sclerosis

- Osteophytes (spurs and joint space narrowing)

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12
Q

Since there is no cure for OA what should we know in OA management?

A
  • Takes steps to slow progression
  • Assist in symptom management
  • Every lb of BW increases forces at knee 2-3 lbs every single leg stance
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13
Q

In OA management we must understand that every pound of BW _____ forces on the _____ by ______ pounds every ______ ______ _____.

A

Increases; knee; 2-3; single leg stance

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14
Q

What is a good way to prevent or reduce progression OA (4)?

A
  • Lose weight
  • Vitamin D and calcium increase
  • minimize immobilization to minimize cartilage damage
  • Exercise in open chain to avoid shearing forces
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15
Q

What is the second most common form of arthritis?

A

Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA)

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16
Q

Which arthritis is the most disabling OA or RA?

A

Both are equally as disabling

17
Q

Who are the most common people affected by RA? What is the worst outcome of RA?

A
  • More common in women
  • 20-40 years old
  • Can lead to death
18
Q

What is the possible cause of rheumatoid arthritis?

A

Genetic or environmental trigger

- bacteria / virus infection

19
Q

How does RA damage the tissues associated with it?

A
  • Attacks synovial lining which expands

- Damages the extra cellular matrix, collagen, and bone

20
Q

What are early signs of RA?

A
  • Fatigue
  • Weight loss
  • Fever
  • MS pain
  • Tenderness, swelling, redness, and stiffness in specific joints
21
Q

When wrist,digits, or toes are affected in RA, what are the signs/deformities?

A
  • Ulnar Deviation
  • MCP ; swelling, volar subluxation
  • PIP Swan Neck; Hyperextension of PIP, Flexion of DIP
  • Boutonnière: Flex of PIP, Ext of DIP
  • Toe Hallux Valgus (. bunion)
  • Hammer Toes
22
Q

RA has unique Rhuematoid _____ which occur where (3)?

A

Nodules

  • bony prominences
  • extensor surfaces
  • press points