O2 & Mechanical Ventilation

Question 1

what are early signs of hypoxemia

Answer 1

• tachypnea
• tachycardia
• restlessness
• pale mucous membranes & skin
• hypertension
• body positioning, nares flaring, how they breathe

Question 2

late signs of hypoxemia

Answer 2

• confusion
• cyanosis
• bradypnea
• bradycardia
• hypotension
• cardiac dysrhythmias

Question 3

what are signs of oxygen toxicity

Answer 3

• nonproductive cough
• substernal pain
• nasal stuffiness
• N/V
• fatigue
• headache
• sore throat
• hypoventilation

Question 4

what is mechanical ventilation

Answer 4

breathing support with warmed 100% O2, that deliver positive pressure to lungs

Question 5

potential diagnosis for a pt to use mechanical ventilation

Answer 5

• hypoxemia, hypoventilation, respiratory acidosis
• airway trauma
• exacerbated COPD
• acute PE from MI or HF
• asthma attack
• head injuries, CVA, coma
• neurological disorders (MS, myasthenia gravis, Guillain-Barre)
• post sx, or during sedation

Question 6

what is positive end expiratory pressure (PEEP) used for in mechanical ventilation

Answer 6

• pressure for expiration
• used with persistent hypoxemia
• prevent atelectasis

Question 7

what is the purpose of pressure support ventilation (PSV) for mechanical ventilation

Answer 7

• to prevent alveoli collapse during expiration
• allow greater oxygenation, and makes breathing easier

Question 8

what does volume (low pressure) alarms indicate for mechanical ventilation

Answer 8

low exhaled volume - disconnection, cuff leak, tube displacement

Question 9

what does pressure (high pressure) alarms indicate for mechanical ventilation

Answer 9

• excessive secretions
• kink in tubing, pt biting tube
• coughing, PE, bronchospasm, pneumothorax

Question 10

what type of meds are given for mechanical ventilation

Answer 10

• analgesics
• sedatives
• neuromuscular blocking agents
• ulcer-preventing agents
• antibiotics

Question 11

complications that can occur to pts on mechanical ventilation

Answer 11

• trauma
• fluid retention
• oxygen toxicity
• hemodynamic compromise
• aspiration (keep bed up 30)
• stress ulcer

Question 12

how often should mechanical ventilation pt’s breath sound be assessed

Answer 12

q4hrs

Question 13

how often should mechanical ventilation pt’s cuff pressure be assessed

Answer 13

q8hrs
maintain below 20 mm Hg

Question 14

how often should the oral endotracheal tube be repositioned for a pt on mechanical ventilation

Answer 14

q24hrs