O1 Embryo Dev. of CP and CFAs Flashcards
0 - __ wks - fertilization/embryo dev. ______ develops by then!
__ wks - ______ - fetus
birth - __ mo. - _________
1mo. - __ yrs - _________
speech needs practice with other person
0 - 9wks - fertilization/embryo dev. cleft develops by then!
9wks - birth - fetus
birth - 1mo. - neonate
1mo. - 2yrs - infant
speech needs practice with other person
________ - two gamete cells, ___ chromosomes each
______ - XX
______ - XY
sperm determines the ____, egg is always __
________ - cellular div. w/full chromes. exact copies made for the rest of our lives.
_________ - fertilization is complete. single nucleated cell
meiosis - two gamete cells, 23 chromosomes each
girls - XX
boys - XY
sperm determines the sex, egg is always X
mitosis - cellular div. w/full chromes. exact copies made for the rest of our lives.
zygote - fertilization is complete. single nucleated cell
2 basic cell division categories
___________ - exact copies
____________ - different from original cell
2 basic cell division categories
segmentation - exact copies
differentiation - different from original cell
Segmentation aka ________…tits r good
exact copies⇒
blasto______⇒
________ (72hrs, bunch of grapes)⇒
~ 6 days later a ________ develops⇒
Blasto____ (6-8 days)⇒ then __________ begins
Segmentation aka cleavage…tits r good
exact copies⇒
blastomeres⇒
morula (72hrs, bunch of grapes)⇒
~ 6 days later a sphere develops⇒
Blastocyst (6-8 days)⇒then differentiation begins
Differentiation
~6-8 days after blasto____ ⇒
______blast forms⇒
becomes _______ / _______ cord⇒
~6-8 days later, trophoblast sticks to _______⇒
massive cell division⇒
~9-12 days, __________ occurs. embryo turns inside out and is more ________ (miscarriage if fucked up and retarded)⇒
____________ takes off⇒
embryonic _____.
→ ____derm (outer)
- skin, teeth, hair, epithelium, entire NS
→____derm (middle)
- bone, cartilage, BV’s, structure
→____derm (inner most)
- lining of digestive tract, respiraiton, body cavity
Differentiation
~6-8 days after blastocyst ⇒
trophoblast forms⇒
becomes placenta/umbilical cord⇒
~6-8 days later, trophoblast sticks to uterus⇒
massive cell division⇒
~9-12 days, gastrulation occurs. embryo turns inside out and is more fragile (miscarriage if fucked up and retarded)⇒
differentiation takes off⇒
embryonic disc.
→ ectoderm (outer)
- skin, teeth, hair, epithelium, entire NS
→mesoderm (middle)
- bone, cartilage, BV’s, structure
→endoderm (inner most)
- lining of digestive tract, respiraiton, body cavity
cell division is instructed by ___________
cell division is instructed by chromosomes
__________⇒
genes⇒
____⇒
__________ pairs⇒
deoxyribose⇒
__________ + ______
chromosomes⇒
genes⇒
DNA⇒
nucleotide pairs⇒
deoxyribose⇒
phosphate + base
Base Pairs…
C - ________
G - ________
Or
A - ________
T - ________
Paired together
Blueprints that code for everything
Base Pairs…
C - cytosine
G - guanine
Or
A - adenine
T - thymine
Paired together
Blueprints for everything
doexyribose⇒
__________⇒
__+ bonds⇒
nucleotide acids
doexyribose⇒
phosphates⇒
H+ bonds⇒
nucleotide acids
_________ - picture of chromosomes. differ in size due to # of genes in each
_________ - arrangement of chroms.
_________ - outward expression
__________ - narrowing point of chrom.
________ - ends of chrom. become shorter w/age
chromes. divided by arms:
__-arm is short
__-arm is long
_____________ syndrome - 22q11 - 22(chrom)q(arm)11(eleventh gene)
dark areas have higher _____ concentration, light areas have less.
karyotype - picture of chromosomes. differ in size due to # of genes in each
genotype - arrangement of chroms.
phenotype - outward expression
centromere - narrowing point of chrom.
telomere - ends of chrom. become shorter w/age
chromes. divided by arms:
p-arm is short
q-arm is long
velocardiofacial syndrome - 22q11 - low muscle tone, abnormal face.
dark areas have higher gene concentration, light areas have less.
________ - error in replication @ any level. mutations are __________
___________” “ - not inherited
half of gene function is ________. function as ________ for traits. 3 billion gene reps per cell rep.
_________ can cause mutations inutero
_________ - disorder @ level of chrom. w/constellation symptoms due to single cause. happend from zygote stage. devastating effects
later mutations are less devastating
*important to tell people the massive opportunity for things to go wrong. may be no ones fault.
mutation - error in replication @ any level. mtations are dominant
spontaneous” “ - not inherited
half of gene function is unknown. function as switches for traits. 3 billion gene reps per cell rep.
teratogens can cause mutations inutero
syndrome - disorder @ level of chrom. w/constellation symptoms due to single cause. happend from zygote stage. devastating effects
later mutations are less devastating
*important to tell people the massive opportunity for things to go wrong. may be no ones fault.
_________ - 1 chrom when should be 2
________ - 3 when should be 2
_________ - part of chrom missing
__________ - part of chrom is upside down (info useless)
__________ - info from one chrom turns up on another
_________ __________ - same mutation but variable exp.
_________ __________ - indiv. carries mutation but no effect
monosomy - 1 chrom when should be 2
trisomy - 3 when should be 2
deletion - part of chrom missing
inversion - part of chrom is upside down (info useless)
translocation - info from one chrom turns up on another
variable expression - same mutation but variable exp.
incomplete penetration - indiv. carries mutation but no effect
FLK, GLM - funny looking kid/good lookin mom (karyotype)
trisomy __ is fatal
trisomy __ - epicanthal fold (eyes), round face, low tone, cognition. dysmorphology, stubby toes, fingers, short stature, small ears
X-linked mutations are carried by _______ and expressed in ______. eg, fragile X
FLK, GLM - funny looking kid/good lookin mom (karyotype)
trisomy 13 is fatal
trisomy 21 - epicanthal fold (eyes), round face, low tone, cognition. dysmorphology, stubby toes, fingers, short stature, small ears
X-linked mutations are carried by females and expressed in males. eg, fragile X
___________ mutation - teratogens, environ. factors, diet, mechanical (inutero)
___________ - wrong shape
_________ - a difference
___________ - chain reaction of things that go wrong; domino effect
CP - symptom of _________ genes
multifactorial mutation - teratogens, environ. factors, diet, mechanical (inutero)
dysmorphology - wrong shape
anomoly - a difference
sequence - mutation. chain reaction of things that go wrong; domino effect
CP - symptom of mutated genes
________ _______ __________ - fetus hyperflexed thru neck. jaw against chest. mandible does not elongate. tongue pushed up. leads to tongue shaped CP. this is a __________ factor
Pierre Robin Sequence - fetus hyperflexed thru neck. jaw against chest. mandible does not elongate. tongue pushed up. leads to tongue shaped CP. this is a mechanical factor
