O&T: General & History Taking Flashcards
1
Q
Diagnoses in O/T
A
- Congenital / Developmental abnormalities
- Infections
- Rheumatic disorders
- Metabolic dysfunction
- gouty arthritis - Degenerative disorders
- rotator cuff
- tennis elbow
- trigger finger
- De Quervain’s tenosynovitis - Tumours / Tumour-like lesions
- ganglion - Sensory disturbance + Muscle weakness
- CTS - Injury + Mechanical derangement
2
Q
- Congenital / Developmental abnormalities
A
Congenital
- Polydactyly
Developmental
- Achondroplasia
3
Q
- Infections
A
- Soft tissue
—> SC tissue, Muscles, Tendons - Bone
- Acute: Pyogenic abscess
- Chronic: TB, Mycobacteria marinum
4
Q
- Rheumatic disorders
A
- Complications due to rheumatic disorders e.g. Correct deformities
- SLE
- RA
- Ankylosing spondylitis
5
Q
- Metabolic dysfunction
A
- Amputation due to DM
- Infected tophus due to Gouty arthritis
6
Q
- Degenerative disorders
A
Hip, Knee, 1st CMC joint
—> Treatment: Excisional / Implant Arthroplasty
7
Q
- Tumours / Tumour-like lesions
A
e.g. Hemangioma
8
Q
- Injury + Mechanical derangement
A
- Repeated stress
- Trauma
9
Q
History taking
A
- Chief complaint
- Injury
- Pain
- Stiffness (generalised / localised, all direction / one plane, functional deficit)
- Swelling (bone / soft tissue, painful / painless)
- Deformity (location, progressiveness)
- Instability (muscle weakness / ligamentous deficiency)
- Weakness (generalised / confined)
- Altered sensibility (compression / ischaemia)
- Loss of function
- Disability - History of present illness
- Onset
- Precipitating / Provocation / Alleviating factors
- Quality
- Region + Radiation (Referred pain)
- Severity (***Grade 1-4)
- Time / Course
- Continuous / Intermittent
- Associated features - Medical history
- Drug history + Allergy
- Social history
- smoke, drink
- occupation
- hobby
- home circumstance
- family / friend support
- travel
- drug abuse - Obstetric history
- Family history
10
Q
Pain
A
- Quality
- Abscess: **Throbbing pain (∵ venous drainage blocked)
- Arthritis: **Aching pain
- Neuralgia: **Burning pain
- Ruptured tendon: **Stabbing pain - Severity
- Grade 1: Mild
—> on + off
—> easily be ignored
- Grade 2: Moderate
—> cannot be ignored
—> interfere with function
—> needs occasional attention
- Grade 3: Severe —> present most of the time —> demand constant attention —> rest pain —> nocturnal pain
- Grade 4: Totally incapacitating pain
3. Referred pain
11
Q
Stiffness
A
- Generalised vs Localised
- All direction vs One plane involved
- Functional deficit
—> Hip stiffness: toe nail cutting, putting on socks
—> Shoulder stiffness: comb hair, scratch back
12
Q
Swelling
A
Bone vs Soft tissue
Painful:
- Inflammation
- Infection
Painless:
- ***Bony swelling
- ***Joint effusion: collection of fluid / blood
- hard to detect in ***deep joints e.g. Hip joint
13
Q
Deformity
A
- Variations of normal e.g. short stature
- Spinal curvature: Kyphosis / Lordosis / Scoliosis
- Knee deformity: Varus / Valgus
- Foot deformity: Flat foot, High arch feet
- some disappear spontaneously with growth e.g. flat foot
- progressive: could be serious
14
Q
Instability
A
Giving way:
- Muscle weakness
- Ligamentous deficiency from laxity / rupture
15
Q
Weakness
A
- Generalised chronic illness
- confined to 1 limbs / 1 muscle group
—> neurological / muscle disorder
