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Year 3 - Obs & Gynae > O&G > Flashcards

O&G Flashcards

1
Q

megaloblastic anaemia

A

due to folate or b12 deficiency

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2
Q

patient requiring contraception who suffers with migraines with aura: recommended contraception?

A

copper intrauterine device

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3
Q

why is migraine with aura a complete contraindication to using oral contraceptive pill due to…

A

increased risk of ischaemic stroke

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4
Q

what may help premenstrual syndrome

A

SSRIs - sertraline

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5
Q

bishop score interpretation

A

Interpretation
a score of < 5 indicates that labour is unlikely to start without induction

a score of > 9 indicates that labour will most likely commence spontaneously

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6
Q

A 54-year-old woman, gravida 1 para 1, comes to the office for investigation of vaginal bleeding. She reports intermittent spotting and is sexually active with a regular partner. Her last period was 3 years ago. She has no fevers, weight loss or abdominal symptoms. Last pap test was 5 years ago, and was normal. There is no significant family history. Pelvic ultrasound reveals a 3cm multi-loculated cyst.

What is the most appropriate investigation for this patient?

A

Complex (i.e. multi-loculated) ovarian cysts should be biopsied with high suspicion of ovarian malignancy

An elevated CA-125 in the context of adnexal mass is suspicious for malignancy, but this will not confirm the diagnosis.

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7
Q

what analgesic is not recommended for use in breastfeeding?

A

aspirin must be avoided

due to association with Reye’s syndrome
- can cause liver and brain damage

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8
Q

preterm prelabour rupture

A
  • sterile speculum

- 10 days erythromycin should be given to all women with PPROM

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9
Q

moderate gestational hypertension during pregnancy

A
  • normally would give oral labetalol
  • if patient has history of asthma then beta blocker use is contraindicated
  • thus NICE says give nifedipine
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10
Q

ruptured ovarian cyst presents as

A
  • unilateral pain

- immediately following intercourse or strenuous exercise

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11
Q

IM methotrexate used in medical management of ectopic pregnancy

A
  • cytotoxic agent that disrupts
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12
Q

IV dexamethasone in pregnancy

A
  • steroid medication
  • should be given to pregnant women if there was concern about baby needing to be born before lungs were fully developed
  • if mother were to develop eclampsia
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13
Q

sole agent for use in UK for medical management of miscarriage

A

Vaginal misoprostol

  • prostaglandin analogue
  • binds to myometrial cells
  • causes contractions
  • leads to expulsion of tissue
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14
Q

what is generally given to pregnant women experiencing eclampsia?

A
  • IV magnesium sulphate
  • treat the eclamptic seizures
  • provides neuro-protection for fetus
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15
Q

Factor V Leiden is…

A

mutation of one of the clotting factors in the blood

increase chances of developing abnormal blood clots

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16
Q

the combined oral contraceptive is protective against

A
  • endometrial cancer
17
Q

HNPCC/Lynch syndrome

A

HNPCC/Lynch syndrome is a strong risk factor for endometrial cancer

18
Q

How often is the Depo Provera (medroxyprogesterone acetate) injectable contraceptive given?

A

12 weeks

19
Q

The major clinical indicators of fertility are:

A

changes in the cervical mucous
changes in the cervix
changes in basal body temperature

20
Q

Lactational amenorrhea is…

A

Lactational amenorrhea, also called postpartum infertility, is the temporary postnatal infertility that occurs when a woman is amenorrheic (not menstruating) and fully breastfeeding.

21
Q

At what gestation would a referral to the maternal fetal medicine unit for her presentation be warranted?

A
  • if fetal movements not felt by 24 weeks
  • generally women can feel their babies move around 18-20 weeks
  • can be earlier in multiparous women
22
Q

Combined oral contraceptive pill

A

increased risk of breast and cervical cancer

protective against ovarian and endometrial cancer

23
Q

A pregnant woman with abdominal trauma should have Rhesus testing asap because women who are Rhesus-negative should be given anti-D to prevent Rhesus isoimmunization.

A

A pregnant woman with abdominal trauma should have Rhesus testing asap because women who are Rhesus-negative should be given anti-D to prevent Rhesus isoimmunization.

24
Q

cervical ectropion

A
  • the endocervix turns outward
  • the exposed parts of the endocervix appear red and raw
  • endocervical cells are exposed to the acidic vaginal environment
25
Q

IV magnesium sulphate is used for eclampsia (seizure) prophylaxis.

A

IV magnesium sulphate is used for eclampsia (seizure) prophylaxis.

26
Q

meig’s syndrome triad

A
  • a benign ovarian tumour
  • ascites
  • pleural effusion
27
Q

first line management for patient with heavy menstrual bleeding not desiring children

A

menorrhagia - intrauterine system (Mirena) is first line

28
Q

bleeding which is painless and usually bright red can be associated with…

A

placenta praevia

29
Q

bleeding associated with placental abruption is

A
  • pain

- usually dark red

30
Q

placenta praevia

A

describes a placenta lying wholly or partly in the lower uterine segment

31
Q

classic symptoms of endometriosis are…

A
  • pelvic pain
  • dysmenhorrhoea
  • dysparenunia
  • subfertility
32
Q

for patients with uterine fibroids, what drug may help reduce the size of the fibroid for short term treatment

A
  • gonadotrophin releasing hormone analogue
33
Q

what is used in the medical management of post partum haemorrhage

A

methotrexate

34
Q

what is used in combination with misoprostol in the termination of pregnancy

A

oral mifepristone

35
Q

implantable contraceptives are planted

A

sub-dermal , non dominant

36
Q

atrophic vaginitis symptoms

A
  • pain
  • itching
  • dysparenuia
  • due to dryness of vaginal mucosa
37
Q

how can gestational diabetes be diagnosed?

A
  • by a 2 hour glucose level of >= 7.8mmol/L

Year 3 - Obs & Gynae (2 decks)

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