O+G 1 Flashcards
What’s puberty?
Onset of sexual maturity, development of secondary sex characteristics
What’s menarche? When does it occur
Onset of menstruation
Average age 13
When does GnRH get released?
From age 8
What does GnRH do?
Stimulates release of FSH and then LH (stimulate oestrogen release from ovaries)
LH
Luteinizing hormone
Term used for breast development. When does it occur
Thelarche. 9-11 years
Term used for growth of pubic hair. When does it occur?
Adrenarche. 11-12 years
By what age to the epiphyses fuse
16
Days 1-4 of the menstruation cycle is known as what? What happens during this phase?
Menstruation
- Endometrium is shed
- Myometrial contraction which can be painful
Days 5-13 of the menstruation cycle is known as what? What happens during this phase?
Proliferative phase
- GnRH (hypothalamus) stimulate LH and FSH release
- follicular growth
- follicles produce oestradiol and inhibin which suppress FSH secretion (negative feedback) so only one follicle/oocyte matures
- oestradiol levels continue to rise to maximum levels. now a positive feedback causing an LH surge.
- ovulation follows 36 hours after LH surge
- oestradiol causes the endometrium to reform and proliferate (it thickens as the stromal cells proliferate and the glands elongate)
Days 14-28 of the menstruation cycle is known as what? What happens during this phase?
Luteal/secretory phase
- follicle from release egg becomes corpus luteum
- corpus luteum produces oestradiol and progesterone which causes secretory changes in the endometrium
- glands swell and blood supply increases
- if no fertilisation corpus luteum starts to fail
progesterone and oestrogen levels fall
When does progesterone peak?
Day 21 of a 28 day cycle
Normal menarche occurs below what age?
16
Normal menopause occurs after what age?
45
Normal menstruation is less than how many days?
8 days in length
Normal menstrual blood loss is less than?
80ml
Normal cycle length
23-35 days
What does IMB stand for?
intermenstrual bleeding
Define menorrhagia
heavy menstrual bleeding
Clinical definition: excessive bleeding that interferes with a woman’s physical, emotional, social and material quality of life
Objective definition: blood loss >80 ml
Define irregular periods
Periods outside the range of 23-35 days with a variability of >7 days between the shortest and longest cycle
What is post coital bleeding?
Bleeding after intercourse
What is primary amenorrhoea?
Periods never started
What is secondary amenorrhoea?
Periods stop for 6 months or more
What is oligomenorrhoea?
Infrequent periods (>35 days-6 months)