Nystagmus Flashcards
2 types of Nystagmoid eye movement
Pendular, Jerk
Classification of Nystagmus by Aetiology
Congenital Nystagmus: Sensory defect, Congenital motor
Latent Nystagmus: True latent, Manifest latent
Acquired Nystagmus: Vestibular, See-saw nystagmus
Other Eye Movement Phenomena: Ocular Flutter, Spasmus Nutans
Difference between Sensory defect and Congenital motor
Sensory defect: Associated with sensory defect causing poor vision
Congenital Motor: Not associated with sensory defect, relatively good VA
Other signs of Congenital nystagmus
Null point possible Dampens with lid closure Dampens on convergence Oscillopsia absent Usually horizontal movement
Difference between True latent and Manifest latent
True latent: Occurs monocularly
Manifest latent: Present binocularly, worsen when one eye covered
Features of Latent Nystagmus
Fast phase always beats temporally
Direction of nystagmus reverse when cover changes
May be associated with Infantile strabismus and Dissociated vertical deviation
Decreased acuity when checked with occlusion, check with fogging techniques
Features of Vestibular Nystagmus
Acquired
Children who have frequent ear infections risk
‘sawtooth’ waveform (jerk)
Features of See-Saw Nystagmus
One eye elevates and intorts as the other depress and extorts
Congenital form occur in albino infants
Describe Ocular flutter
Burst of horizontal back to back saccades with no resting interval between
Blurred vision and oscillopsia are usually present
Can occur in infants as side effects of drugs/pathology
Describe Spasmus nutans
Triad of pendular nystagmus, head nodding, AHP Unilateral nystagmus age 3 -15 months Benign and disappears by 3-4 years Associated with pathology
Treatment of Nystagmus
Proper diagnosis and treatment of underlying pathologic process Refractive correction Added lenses Prisms VT Pharmacological therapy Surgery
Aim of treatment
To improve VA and enhance binocularity, reducing nystagmus manifestation
