NYIAD Flashcards
Sources/Inspiration
Showrooms, tradeshows, antique stores, auctions, furniture stores
Design guidelines
Function, mood and harmony
Suitability of function
is it practical for the room?
suitability of mood
does it look and feel the way you intend it to?
suitability of style
what period is the style? what mood does the style convey?
suitability of quality
are all the pieces similar in craftsmanship and quality?
Created the Color Wheel
Isaac Newton
the purest form of a color. the quality that gives a name to a chromatic color. there are five principal ____
hues
principal hues
red, blue, yellow, green, orange, violet
what was the first synthetic color ever created
Mauve (pale purple)
a mixture of primary and secondary colors (6)
yellow-orange, red-orange, red-purple, blue-purple, blue-green, yellow-green
tertiary colors
intermediate hues
hues that fall between primary and secondary colors
color attributes (characteristics)
value and intensity
color value
the lightness or darkness of a color
The brightness or dullness of a color. The saturation
Color intensity
adjacent colors on the color wheel. create a gradient
analogous color scheme
complementary color scheme
opposite colors on the color wheel
uses tints and shades (different chroma and value) of the same hue
monochromatic color scheme
the design process:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
Interview the client
assess and measure the home
create a floor plan
design a furniture layout
plan for lighting
create a final presentation
can be 2” to 14” in height and anywhere from 1/4” to 3/4” thick,
always measure from wall to wall
baseboards
(elevations) is measured from the wall to the opening of the door, including the trim
door orientation
usually located one foot above the base of the wall
duplex outlet symbol
measured by standing under the outlet and measuring from that point to the wall
electrical ceiling outlet symbol
usually located 4 feet above the floor
wall switch symbol
phone outlet symbol
standard flush
double panel
French doors
Farmhouse
double hung window
casement windows
awning windows
vertical and horizontal
pivot windows
the distance from the floor to the bottom of the window opening
sill height
the windowsill to the top of the window (the trim width is measured the same way as doors)
window height
clamshell molding
Crown/French molding
The weight of an object
Actual Weight
how much an object attracts attention
visual weight
symmetrical balance or two identical items carrying the same weight
formal balance
asymmetrical balance or two different items carrying different weight
informal balance
bright colors, bold patterns (for large rooms)… do what for a room?
add visual weight
neutral colors, small patterns (for small rooms)…
reduce visual weight
When you add white to a color
Tint
any hue or mixture of pure colors to which white is added
tint
a hue or mixture of pure colors to which only black is added
Shade
a hue or mixture of pure colors to which only pure gray is added
tone
Very robust, rough, simple
chairs: square/rectangular arms, legs, and back
organic and unrefined
originals were painted
square frame structure
rush seats
Colonial/Early American Farmhouse
made of straw fiber stretched over a wood frame
rush seats
refined and ornate
chair legs, arms, and backs are made with a lathe
turnings are decorative
American Georgian
higher-backed
ladderback
vertical slats, rush seats
bannister back
based on the Greek instrument
Fiddleback
back splat based on the Greek instrument (one continuous shape), cabriole legs, restrained ornamentation
Queen Anne/Fiddle Back
Rococo decoration
Louis XV Chairs
made by wheelwrights
long-lasting, more comfortable- spindles arranged in a curve, wooden seat shaped to fit human contours
spindles and legs are splayed (spread out) and sunken into holes for sturdy structure
Windsor Chairs
mid 1800s
minimal and utilitarian
genuine versions are rare
have finials
Shaker Chairs
knob ornament on the backs of chairs
finial
practical seating for more than one person
Settee
4 legs, no ornamentation, rigid frame, some have drawers, often with an apron/skirt
Work/farm table
have perpendicular legs, central stretcher that joins the legs
mobility and easy storage
trestle table
used for serving food, sturdy
Tavern table
dropleaf/butterfly table
low four posters
high four posters
“to roll” bed
Trundle bed
furniture that is used for storage
casepiece
furniture that is used for storage
casepiece
the axis that evenly divide a room
Balance Lines
the scheme that determines how frequent spaces are occupied
for doors openings you need a 36” open space
traffic pattern
Earth tones are _____ colors
warm
______ colors are best used as a dominant color in the composition and they are the best paired with highly saturated or pure hues
neutral
______ are produced by adding black or brown
Shades
You ____ down a color by adding its compliment
tone
_____ surfaces reflect more light and have a cooling effect
smooth
______ surfaces have a warming effect by absorbing light and producing shadows
rough
______ and ____ affects color scheme
geographic location, orientation
natural light in a _____ -facing room is cool
north
cool natural lighting occurs as the sun _______
rises
warm natural lighting occurs as the sun ______
sets
_____-facing walls often have cool colors
south
______-facing walls often have warm colors
north
meanings that cultures associate with colors
example: red is seen as a color of wealth and luck in Asian countries
Color Psychology
fabrics like broadcloth, muslin, percale, gingham, organdy and voile. Uses only two elements.
taffeta/plain weave
made of silk or cotton. made when the weft passes over 4-6 warp yarns. The warp lines are closer, creating a higher thread count. the difference between this and silk is that silk is a natural fabric and ____ is a weaving technique
satin
the yarns pass over two warp yarns to create a diagonal pattern
denim and herringbone
twill weave
terrycloth is a variation, shaggy look
velvet, loops are cut off
corduroy, alternate rows of loops are cut
Pile Weave
Joseph Marie Jacquard invented this (the basis of the modern automatic loom)
fabrics include Jacquard, brocade, damask and machine-made tapestry
the Jacquard loom
pattern carved into wood block
block printing
a decal is added to the fabric using heat. Limited to only synthetic materials
Transfer printing (heat transfer)
a stencil is placed on the screen then placed on the fabric and paint is applied to the screen
silkscreen
fabric is run through a printing press
repeats in the designs/patterns often help determine how the fabric is used. Up to 16 colors can be applied at once
roller printing
A plain weave made of cotton. A type of canvas. Has a high thread count. Is waterproof when coated with wax
duckcloth
chiffon (shuh-fawn)
light, shiny fabric, or thin wool. Glazed to produce shine
chintz
Tightly twill-woven fabric
gabardine
is a machine above the loom that instructs the loom to follow the pattern according to the machine
Jacquard (juh-card)
muslin (muhz-lin)
percale
ticking
Made of wool.
tweed
soft, tight weave similar to muslin
voile
Over one and under one. Examples: Taffeta, muslin, flannel, percale
plain weave
The sun rises in the ____, and sets in the ____
East, west
Typically striped or plaid
Gingham
This is the opposite of satin with more wefts than warps
Sateen
typically symmetrical and medallion like with floral patterns (positive/negative patterns-use positive and negative space). uses a satin weave in the background (or vise versa) to create a contrast. can be made from any fiber: silk, sateen, wool, or linen, but made on a Jacquard loom
Damask
is made by roller printing a pattern on the fabric, called the resist, which the fabric is then dyed and the resist is removed to show the pattern
resist printing
yarn fibers are classified as _______ and ___-____.
_______ fabrics come from animal or vegetable fibers.
natural, man-made
_______ wool is a fabric with a weave in which the fibers are parallel
Worsted
These fibers are from the Angora goat. Silky feel and very opulent. Makes high quality velvet
Mohair wool
natural fiber harvested from an alpaca
Alpaca
Harvested from a Kashmir goat. This fabric is too soft for furniture but great for a throw, or blended with wool or silk
Cashmere
woven from horses and used as the weft in upholstery fabric. in vogue in the late 18th c. among aristocrats. It is a smooth material and is durable
horsehair
is smooth and has high luster. harvested from the cocoons of various Asian moths. it is sensitive to fading when exposed to light.
Silk
the production of silk
Sericulture
silk yarn is formed by taking the silk from the cocoons and slightly twisting them. This is called ________.
throwing
the gum that coats natural silk fiber
serecin
___ silk is silk that has a serecin coating
raw
cultivated silk waste made up of short fibers. It has a nubby texture
Noil
double strand of fiber that twin worms produce when they join in one cocoon.
Dupioni (do-pee-oh-ni) silk
a lump or thick place in yarn
slub
the ability of a fabric to withstand tension without tearing. Silk is strong in this
tensile strength
the strongest natural fiber. used to produce linen. it is expensive and smooth. it lasts long even after being washed repeatedly
flax
a natural fiber and material similar to flax and linen
ramie
a cheap vegetable fiber. its production is similar to that of cotton. used to make hessian
jute
similar to cotton although very absorbent and more durable than cotton
hemp
used to make rugs. the fiber is removed from the leafy parts. Tropical mood
sisal
the most versatile and most used plant fiber. it is a staple fiber. it is graded by length, luster and fiber quality. this material absorbs water, feels cool to the touch, and dyes beautifully.
cotton
from the West Indies, with fiber lengths 1.75-2” long, the longest of these fibers
Sea Island Cotton
from Egypt. fibers are 1.4-1.75” long
Egyptian cotton
a natural fiber from rubber
latex
a fiber developed from wood pulp. the first man-made fiber. 1910. developed as a low cost alternative to cotton (now it costs relatively the same) and silk. tends to shrink when wet. two examples are acetate and viscose
rayon
a semi-synthetic fiber derived from wood pulp, similar to viscose. can’t be ironed or put in hot water
acetate
a semi-synthetic fiber made from wood pulp that is used as a silk substitute
viscose
materials that are not made from natural materials. have long-chain polymers derived from petrochemicals. polyester, nylon, spandex, olefin, and acrylic
synthetic
synthetic fiber best used for upholstery. introduced in 1940. has great tensile strength
nylon
often blended with nylon and polyester. popular wool substitute used for blankets. not suited for upholstery.
acrylic
used as an alternative to wool. crease resistant. it is warm, soft and drapes well: does not shrink or stretch. dries quickly and is as strong as nylon
Ardil
highly elastic. used lightly in upholstery and yarn
spandex
a color’s intensity, purity or saturation. measured in the Munsell system on a scale of 1-14. low numbers indicate that the color is low chroma or close to grey
chroma
black, white and grey. colors without chroma
achromatic colors
________ (neutral) color schemes use a single color of low chroma with limited range of values
Monotone
made by mixing two complimentary colors
neutral colors
the color wheel
the most subtle and pleasing color scheme. it uses a base color and two colors adjacent to its compliment
split-complimentary
three colors that are equidistant from one another on the color wheel
triad
four colors equidistant from each other on the color wheel. uncommon schemes
tetrad
these occur when white or black is
added to a color until its value is
reversed. For example, if enough
black is added to yellow, the lightest
of the colors, its tonal value will
reverse and it will become the
darkest of the colors, reversing the
natural order of colors. Add enough
white to purple, the darkest of the
colors and it becomes the lightest color.
discordant colors
are near the red end of the color spectrum, including red, orange, and yellow
warm colors
greens and blues.
cool colors
this color may be warm or cool depending on its closeness to red or blue. Neutral colors also vary depending on their content of warm or cool color
violet
Research suggests that strong, ____ _______ are most clearly seen by the elderly
warm chromas
techniques that trick the eye.
trompe l’oeil
1400-1650 Began in Italy and expanded to other parts elsewhere: to Spain, France, Belgium (the Flemish), and England. The ideas and styles of Italian revival, “all things classical” spread over the next 250 years
Renaissance
a semicircular recess in the wall of a basilica/church at the east end of the church
apse
a monument of the Byzantine and Ottoman Empires. Once a church and then converted into a mosque, is now a museum in the Turkish Republic (Istanbul)
Hagia Sophia
a concave triangular piece of masonry, four of which support a dome over a square
Pendentive
a style of architecture dating 1140-1500. characterized by pointed arches, flying buttresses and the ambulatory (the walking path around the apse). Built with severe craftsmanship and civic pride, made by the glory of God. Primary example is the Notre Dame in Paris
Gothic
