NW - South America Flashcards by Peter Huggon

South America

When did vinifera arrive in South America?

By 1560

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South America

What stunted early South American wine industries?

Colonial bans on making wine.

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South America

Who set up Chile’s repository of vines? When? Where

Frenchman Claudio Gay
1830
University of Chile’s Quinta Normal department

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South America

What is special about Chile as a winemaking country?

Only country in the world to remain totally phylloxera-free

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South America

What is the synonym of the Mission grape in Chile? Argentina?

Pais

Criolla Chica

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South America

What are two grapes related to the Mission grape with historical importance in South America?

Cereza

Criolla Grande

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South America

When was Malbec brought to Chile?

1860

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South America

What is Torrontes?

Aromatic crossing of Criolla Chica x Muscat of Alexandria
Three subvarieties
Torrontes Riojano (preferred)
Torrontes Mendocino (unrelated Muscat crossing)
Torrontes Sanjuanion

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South America

What was Sauvignon Blanc from Chile actually discovered to be?

Sauvignon Vert (Fruilano)

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South America

What was Merlot from Chile actually discovered to be?

Carmenere

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South America

How large is Chile?

Stretches 3000 miles along coast of South America with viticulture occupying about 800

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South America

What are the major climatic influences of Chile?

Andes offers cool nighttime temperatures
Coast cooled by Humbolt Current which also forces cool sea air inland
Very dry with irrigation needed in the north
Wetter in the south

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South America

What are the basic rules of Chilean wine law?

Established in 1995 with 75% vintage/varietal/DO, but typically 85% to qualify for export
Min alcohol of 11.5%

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South America

What are the riserva labeling requirements in Chile?

Riserva and Riserva Especial - min 12% abv
Riserva Prada and Grand Riserva - min 12.5% abv
Riserva Especial and Grand Riserva - mandatory time in oak

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South America

What are the major red grapes in Chile? What percentage of acreage to they have?

Cabernet Sauvignon
Pais
Merlot
Carmenere
Syrah
Pinot Noir
Cabernet Franc
73%

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South America

What are the major red grapes of Chile?

Sauvignon Blanc (and Sav Vert)
Chardonnay
Semillon
Muscat of Alexandria (for distillation)

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South America

What are the major regions for Chilean wine?

Atacama
Coquimbo
Aconagua
Valle Central
Sur

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South America

What are the sub-regions of the Atacama? What are they known for?

Copiapo Valley
Huasco Valley
Pisco production and table grapes

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South America

What are the sub-regions of the Coquimbo? What are they known for?

Elqui Valley
Limari Valley
Choapa Valley
Pisco production and table grapes

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South America

What are the sub-regions of Aconagua? What is the major river of the Aconagua?

Valley of Aconagua
Valley of Casablanca
San Antonio
Aconagua

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South America

What are the soils of the Aconagua Valley? What is the most prominent winemaker?

Generally alluvial
Errazuriz, whose Sena Bordeaux Blend beat Lafite and Margaux in the 2004 Berlin Tasting
Notable due to the high heat in the interior valley

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South America

What is Casablanca’s climate? What are the varietals it is known for?

Coastal

Sauvignon Blanc and Chardonnay

South America

What is San Antonio?

Sub-region of Aconagua divided in to four zones - Leyda, Lo Abarca, Rosario, Malvilla
Primarily a white region with Pinot Noir showing promise

South America

What are the sub-regions of the Central Valley from North to South?

Maipo Valley
Rapel Valley
Curico Valley
Maule Valley

# South America How large is the Maipo Valley? What are the major varieties?

``` 10,000 ha Cabernet Sauvignon Merlot Chardonnay Carmenere ```

# South America What is the best sub-region of the Maipo Valley? What wines come from there?

Puente Alto | Source of many premium wines from Cabernet Sauvignon including Errazuriz Almaviva (Cab - JV with Mouton-Rothschild)

# South America What are the sub-regions of the Rapel Valley?

Cachapoal | Colchagua

# South America What are the major grapes of the Rapel Valley?

Cabernet Sauvignon Merlot Carmenere

# South America What is Colchagua? What is its terroir? What wines are coming from there?

Sub-region of the Rapel Valley Large, central portion of the valley Warm climate, fertile soils Historically bulk wine producer, but finding success with premium wines from higher-altitude eastern sub-regions with greater diurnal variation

# South America What is the Maule Valley?

Sub-region of Central Valley | Mostly bulk production from Cabernet Sauvignon and Pais

# South America What are the sub-regions of Sur? What are the most planted varieties?

Itata Bio Bio Malleco (tiny with just a few hectares of PN and Chard) Pais, Muscat de Alexandria

# South America What changes were made to Chilean Wine Law in 2011?

``` Addition of three new geographic terms Costa Entre Cordilleras (75% is grown here) Andes May append DO labels, must be 85% from that area ```

# South America What are the major wine regions of Argentina from N to S?

``` Salta Catamarca La Rioja San Juan Mendoza La Pampa Rio Negro Neuquen ```

# South America How is Mendoza broadly divided?

``` North Mendoza Central (Upper) Mendoza Maipu East Mendoza Southern Mendoza Uco Valley ```

# South America How big is Argentina as a producer?

World's 5th largest | 2008 was world's 7th largest exporter

# South America What is the climate of Argentina?

Extreme Continental Andes rain shadow Can reach 100 F or more in summer, high altitude used to mitigate Zonda wind, a fierce, dusty, hot afternoon wind that blows from the mountains in late spring and early summer - can affect flowering Little moisture == little fungus Snowmelt == irrigation

# South America What is the average height of an Argentinian vineyard?

900m

# South America What are the major red grapes of Argentina?

``` Malbec Bonarda (from Italy but different than Bonarda in Piedmonte) Cabernet Sauvignon Syrah Merlot Tempranillio ```

# South America What are the major white grapes of Argentina?

Pedro Gimenez (unrelated to PX, usually used for blending) Torrontes Chardonnay Chenin Blanc

# South America What are the pink skinned varieties of Argentina?

Cereza Criolla Chica Criolla Grande Together total 30% of acreage

# South America What is significant about the Mendoza Chardonnay clone?

Prone to millerandage | High skin to juice ratio

# South America What are the labeling requirements for Riserva and Grand Riserva in Argentina? When were they introduced? What grapes are excluded?

Riserva - 6 months aging for white/12 for red Gran Riserva - 1 year for white/2 for red Introduced in 2008 and limited maximum yields Cereza and Criolla Chica

# South America How big is Mendoza? How much of Argentina's production is located there?

146,000 ha under cultivation | Approx 3/4 of total wine production

# South America What is Salta? What is it known for? What is its major sub region?

Northern region in Argentina with high elevation, only 2500 ha Torrontes, Malbec, Cab Sav Cafayate

# South America What are the major grapes of Catamarca?

Torrontes Syrah Malbec Cabernet Sauvignon

# South America What comprises Cuyo?

La Rioja San Juan Mendoza

# South America What is the most famous wine region in La Rioja? What are La Rioja's most cultivated grapes?

Famatina Valley Torrontes Malbec

# South America What is San Juan?

Second largest wine region in Argentina with over 47,000 ha under vine Typically devoted to pink skinned varieties, although Syrah and Bonarda (sometimes confusingly labeled Barbera Bonarda) are up and comers Also does sherry-style wines, brandies and vermouths

# South America What is the Uco Valley? What is the soil? What is significant about the region?

Western subregion of Mendoza and home to the province's highest vineyards Alluvial sand over clay With Zonda wind, phylloxera and other diseases kept at bay

# South America What is furrow irrigation?

Incan irrigation technique where snowmelt is diverted into vineyards by channels

# South America What are the most planted grapes in the Uco Valley?

Malbec Cabernet Sauvignon Chardonnay Semillion

# South America What are the major wine regions in Central Mendoza?

Lujan de Cuyo (one of Argentina's 2 DOCs) Maipu Both known for Malbec

# South America What are the major departments of Southern Mendoza? What is their principal grape?

San Rafael (one of Argentina's 2 DOCs) General Alvear Chenin Blanc

# South America What are the major grapes of Patagonia (Rio Negro and Neuquen)?

``` Torrontes Semillon Malbec Cabernet Sauvignon Merlot Pinot Noir ```