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Wine - New World Regions > NW - Australia and New Zealand > Flashcards

NW - Australia and New Zealand Flashcards

1
Q

Australia and New Zealand

??”When did the first “settlers” arrive in Australia?”

A

1788

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2
Q

Australia and New Zealand

When was the commonwealth of Australia created?

A

1901

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3
Q

Australia and New Zealand

How much of Australia’s wine does South Australia produce?

A

50%

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4
Q

Australia and New Zealand

What are the two organizations overseeing Australian wine research?

A

Australian Wine Research Institute

Commonwealth Scientific & Industrial Research Organization

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5
Q

Australia and New Zealand

What are common viticulture/vinification techniques in Australia?

A

No pruning (which limits vigor)

Mechanical harvesting

Night harvests

Irrigation

Blending

Cultured yeasts

Acdification

Micro-oxygenation

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6
Q

Australia and New Zealand

What makes irrigation a challenge in Australia?

A

High saline soils

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7
Q

Australia and New Zealand

What is the ratio of big to small winemakers in Australia as of 2008?

A

14 out of 2300 wineries produced 70% of Australian production

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8
Q

Australia and New Zealand

Is Penfolds Grange a single vineyard wine?

A

No. Often blended across several states

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9
Q

Australia and New Zealand

What recent vintages in Australia have had drought issues?

A

2003, 2006-2009

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10
Q

Australia and New Zealand

What regulates the wine industry in Australia?

A

The Australian Wine and Brandy Corporation, established in 1981

In 2010 changed name to Wine Australia

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11
Q

Australia and New Zealand

When was the Label Integrity Program introduced in Australia?

A

1990

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12
Q

Australia and New Zealand

According to the LIP what are the percentage requirements for grape, year and region?

A

85%

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13
Q

Australia and New Zealand

How did the LIP change in 2010?

A

Prior to 2010 if a producer wanted to include grape, year or region it must list all grapes/years/regions, in descending order of importance

Now all vintages must be listed, but only those varieties composing the 85% of the wine need to be on the label, as long as the listed varietal is not less than an unlisted one

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14
Q

Australia and New Zealand

How does Australia’s GI system break down into?

A

Super Zone

State

Zone

Region

Subregion

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15
Q

Australia and New Zealand

How does Wine Australia define regions and sub-regions?

A

Single tracts of land with at least five independently owned vineyards with at least 5 hectares apice and a min 500 tons of wine grapes annually

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16
Q

Australia and New Zealand

What makes up the South Eastern Australia Super Zone?

A

Victoria

Tasmania

New South Wales

Portions of South Australia and Queensland

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17
Q

Australia and New Zealand

When were the first vineyards planted in New South Wales?

A

1788

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18
Q

Australia and New Zealand

What are the Zones of New South Wales?

A

Big Rivers

Central Ranges

Hunter Valley

Northern Rivers

Northern Slopes

South Coast

Southern New South Wales

Western Plains

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19
Q

Australia and New Zealand

What are the regions in the Big Rivers Zone in NSW?

A

Murray Darling

Perricoota

Riverina

Swan Hill

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20
Q

Australia and New Zealand

What are the regions in the Central Ranges Zone in NSW?

A

Cowra

Mudgee

Orange

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21
Q

Australia and New Zealand

What are the regions in the Hunter Valley Zone in NSW?

A

Hunter

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22
Q

Australia and New Zealand

What are the regions in the Northern Rivers Zone in NSW?

A

Hastings River

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23
Q

Australia and New Zealand

What are the regions in the Northern Slopes Zone in NSW?

A

New England Australia

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24
Q

Australia and New Zealand

What are the regions in the South Coast Zone in NSW?

A

Shoalhaven Coast

Southern Highlands

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25
Q

Australia and New Zealand

What are the regions in the Southern New South Wales Zone in NSW?

A

Canberra District

Tumbarumba

Hilltops

Gundagai

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26
Q

Australia and New Zealand

What are the regions in the Western Plains Zone in NSW?

A

None

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27
Q

Australia and New Zealand

What is significant about Riverina Region in Australia?

A

Heavy irrigation area producing most of Australia’s jug wine

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28
Q

Australia and New Zealand

What is significant about Hunter Region in Australia?

A

One of Australia’s most important GIs

Viticulture dates back to 1830

When Napoleon III finished the 1885 Paris Exhibition closing ceremonies

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29
Q

Australia and New Zealand

What is the terrior of Hunter Region in Australia?

A

Subtropical climate with high humidity, rain and wind

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30
Q

Australia and New Zealand

What are the most planted varieties in Hunter Region?

A

Chardonnay

Semillion

Verdelho

Shiraz

Cabernet Sauvignon

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31
Q

Australia and New Zealand

What is the climate and typical wine of Canberra District region in Australia?

A

Continental

Shiraz

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32
Q

Australia and New Zealand

What is the climate and typical wine of Tumburumba Region in Australia?

A

Alpine

Sparkling wine from Pinot Noir and Chardonnay

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33
Q

Australia and New Zealand

What is the climate of Victoria State?

A

Maritime, with sea breezes from Antartica

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34
Q

Australia and New Zealand

What are the zones of Victoria?

A

Central Victoria

Gippsland

North East Victoria

North West Victoria

Port Phillip

Western Victoria

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35
Q

Australia and New Zealand

What is the one region without a zone in Victoria?

A

Grampains

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36
Q

Australia and New Zealand

What are the regions of Central Victoria Zone?

A

Bendingo

Goulburn Valley

Heathcote

Strathbogie Ranges

Upper Goulburn

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37
Q

Australia and New Zealand

What are the regions of Gippsland Zone?

A

None

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38
Q

Australia and New Zealand

What are the regions of North East Victoria Zone?

A

Alpine Valleys

Beechworth

Glenrowan

King Valley

Rutherglen

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39
Q

Australia and New Zealand

What are the regions of North West Victoria Zone?

A

Murray Darling

Swan Hill

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40
Q

Australia and New Zealand

What are the regions of Port Phillip Zone?

A

Geelong

Macedon Ranges

Mornington Peninsula

Sunbury

Yarra Valley

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41
Q

Australia and New Zealand

What are the regions of Western Victoria Zone?

A

Henty

Pyrenees

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42
Q

Australia and New Zealand

What are the typical grapes found in the more coastal areas of Victora State?

A

Pinot Noir

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43
Q

Australia and New Zealand

What are the typical grapes found in Yarra Valley Region?

A

Pinot Noir

Chardonnay

Shiraz (cofermented with Viognier)

Cabernet Sauvignon

Shiraz

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44
Q

Australia and New Zealand

What are the soil types of Yarra Valley Region?

A

Grey brown sandy clay

Red volcanic soils

45
Q

Australia and New Zealand

What are the typical grapes of Mornington Penninsula Region?

A

Pinot Noir

Pinot Gris

Chardonnay

46
Q

Australia and New Zealand

What is significant about the Thabilk Winery? Where is it located?

A

Ungrafted Shiraz from the 1860s

Oldest Marsanne vines in Australia

Nagambie Lakes subregion of the Goulburn Valley Region

47
Q

Australia and New Zealand

What is significant about the Rutherglen and Glenrowan regions in the NE Victoria Zone?

A

Famous for sweet fortified wines

48
Q

Australia and New Zealand

What are the types of fortified wines from Rutherglen and Glenrowan

A

Tokay from Muscadelle (will be known as Topaque by 2020)

Brown Muscat (Petit Grains Rouge) from Rutherglen (older ones have a rancio character)

49
Q

Australia and New Zealand

What is the classification system for the Muscat of Rutherglen Network?

A

Muscat (2-5 yrs, 180-240 g/l)

Classic Muscat (5-10 yrs, 200-270 g/l)

Grand Muscat (10-15 yrs, 270-400 g/l)

Rare Muscat (20+ yrs, 270-400 g/l)

50
Q

Australia and New Zealand

What are the sub-zones of the Adelaide Superzone?

A

Barossa

Fleurieu

Mount Lofty Ranges

51
Q

Australia and New Zealand

What are the Zones of South Australia?

A

Adelaide Superzone

Barossa

Far North

Fleurieu

Limestone Coast

Lower Murray

Mount Lofty Ranges

The Peninsulas

52
Q

Australia and New Zealand

What are the regions of Barossa Zone?

A

Barossa Valley

Eden Valley

53
Q

Australia and New Zealand

What are the regions of Far North Zone?

A

Southern Flinders Ranges

54
Q

Australia and New Zealand

What are the regions of Fleurieu Zone?

A

Currency Creek

Kangaroo Island

McLaren Vale

Southern Fleurieu

55
Q

Australia and New Zealand

What are the regions of Limestone Coast Zone?

A

Coonawarra

Mount Benson

Padthaway

Robe

Wrattonbully

Mount Gambier

56
Q

Australia and New Zealand

What are the regions of Lower Murray Zone?

A

Riverland

57
Q

Australia and New Zealand

What are the regions of Mount Lofty Ranges Zone?

A

Adelaide Hills

Adelaide Plains

Claire Valley

58
Q

Australia and New Zealand

What are the regions of The Peninsulas Zone?

A

None

59
Q

Australia and New Zealand

What is the major grape of Coonawarra Region? What is its style?

A

Cabernet Sauvignon

Elegant, soft tannins, red fruit, and eucalyptus

60
Q

Australia and New Zealand

What is the famous soil of Coonawarrra Region?

A

Terra rossa

61
Q

Australia and New Zealand

What is the climate of Fleurieu Zone?

A

Mediterranean, tempered by Southern Ocean currents and lake effect from Lake Alexandrina

62
Q

Australia and New Zealand

What is the most important region in Fleurieu Zone? What are its wines?

A

McLaren Vale Region

Cab and Rhone varietals

63
Q

Australia and New Zealand

What region provides classic examples of Australian Riesling?

What makes it appropriate for Riesling?

A

Clare Valley Region in Mount Lofty Ranges Zone

High altitude, west facing slopes cooled by afternoon breezes and low night temps

Limestone and slate soils

64
Q

Australia and New Zealand

What are the characteristics of Barossa Shiraz?

A

Some vines 150 years old

Opaque, dense, heavily extracted, full of dark chocolate and fruit

American oak hogsheads (300L)

65
Q

Australia and New Zealand

What are the Zones of Western Australia State?

A

Central Western Australia

Eastern Plains, Inland & North of Western Australian

Greater Perth

South West Australia

Western Australian South East Coastal

66
Q

Australia and New Zealand

What are the Regions of Central Western Australia Zone?

A

None

67
Q

Australia and New Zealand

What are the Regions of Eastern Plains, Inland & North of Western Australia Zone?

A

None

68
Q

Australia and New Zealand

What are the Regions of Greater Perth Zone?

A

Peel

Perth Hills

Swan District

69
Q

Australia and New Zealand

What are the Regions of South West Australia Zone?

A

Blackwood Valley

Geographe

Great Southern

Manjimup

Margaret River

Pemberton

70
Q

Australia and New Zealand

What are the Regions of West Australia South East Coastal Zone?

A

None

71
Q

Australia and New Zealand

What is the most famous region in Western Australia State? What varietals does it produce?

A

Margaret River

Chardonnay

Semillion

Sauvignon Blanc

Cabernet Sauvignon

72
Q

Australia and New Zealand

What are the Zones of Queensland State?

A

None, however it does have two regions - Granite Belt and South Burnett

73
Q

Australia and New Zealand

What are the Zones of Tasmania State?

A

None

74
Q

Australia and New Zealand

Who was James Busby?

A

British minister involved in early viticultural efforts in NSW and planted French and Spanish cuttings in Northland

75
Q

Australia and New Zealand

Who was Romeo Bragato?

A

An Austrian viticulturist from Victoria who identified many of New Zealand’s modern wine regions and educated growers on resistant rootsock

76
Q

Australia and New Zealand

What was 6 o’clock swill?

A

Practice of closing pubs in Australia and New Zealand in WWI at 6 PM. Lasted until 1967 in NZ

77
Q

Australia and New Zealand

What was the effect of prohibition movements on NZ wine?

A

Planting low quality and hybrid grapes resistant to phylloxera, many of which could be used for table grapes

78
Q

Australia and New Zealand

What was the most planted grape in NZ in 1960?

A

Albany Surprise

79
Q

Australia and New Zealand

When did restaurants get the right to sell a glass of wine? Wineries? When did the last part of temperance get removed from NZ?

A

1960

1976

1990

80
Q

Australia and New Zealand

How much did NZ expand its wine industry from 1960 to 2008?

A

400 ha to 29,000 ha

81
Q

Australia and New Zealand

When was Marlborough’s first vineyard established? It’s first Sauvignon Blanc released?

A

1973

1979

82
Q

Australia and New Zealand

What was the iconic NZ SB that put it on the map?

A

Cloudy Bay, launched in 1985

83
Q

Australia and New Zealand

How much of NZ’s vineyards are located in Marlborough? How much of NZ is devoted to SB?

A

In 2008, over 1/2 were in Marlborough and nearly 1/2 was devoted to SB

84
Q

Australia and New Zealand

What are the major varietals of New Zealand?

A

Sauvignon Blanc

Pinot Noir

Chardonnay

Pinot Gris

Merlot

Riesling

Cabernet Sauvignon

Gewurztraminer

85
Q

Australia and New Zealand

What are the major climatic influences on the South Island of New Zealand?

A

Farthest South winemaking region in the world.

Divided by the Southern Alps which creates a rainshadow from the Tasman Sea

Abundant sunshine hours

86
Q

Australia and New Zealand

What are the major climatic influences on the North Island of New Zealand?

A

Latitude comparable to Jerez, but climate often compared to Bordeaux

87
Q

Australia and New Zealand

What is New Zealand Winegrowers?

A

Organization formed in 2002 by the Grape Growers Council and the NZ Wine Institute

Presents a unified face for NZ wine

88
Q

Australia and New Zealand

What was the first commercial NZ wine to be released under screwcap?

A

Kim Crawford

89
Q

Australia and New Zealand

What is the status of NZ wine law?

A

In progress. Only standards truly in place are in line with European standards calling for a minimum 85% of stated varietal and vintage

90
Q

Australia and New Zealand

What are the major wine regions of NZ North Island?

A

Northland

Auckland

Waikato/Bay of Plenty

Gisborne

Hawkes Bay

Wellington (Wairarapa)

91
Q

Australia and New Zealand

Where is the North Island’s production centered?

A

Gisborne

Hawkes Bay

Wairarapa

92
Q

Australia and New Zealand

What are the varietals of Hawkes Bay?

A

Chardonnay

Sauvignon Blanc

Pinto Gris

Merlot

Cabernet Sauvignon

Pinot Noir

Cabernet Franc

93
Q

Australia and New Zealand

What is Gimblett Gravels?

A

Area of deep shingle soils in Hawkes Bay

Reputatin for good Syrah and Bordeaux-style blends

94
Q

Australia and New Zealand

What is another name for Gisborne?

A

Poverty Bay

95
Q

Australia and New Zealand

What are the grapes of Gisborne?

A

Chardonnay

Gewurztraminer

96
Q

Australia and New Zealand

What are the grapes of Wellington?

A

Pinot Noir

Sauvignon Blanc

97
Q

Australia and New Zealand

What is another name for Wellington?

A

Wairarapa

98
Q

Australia and New Zealand

What are the wine regions of New Zealand’s South Island?

A

Nelson

Marlborough

Canterbury

Central Otago

99
Q

Australia and New Zealand

What is the paradox of Nelson wine region?

A

South Island’s sunniest wine-producing region, but also the rainiest

100
Q

Australia and New Zealand

What are the major varietals of Nelson?

A

Chardonnay

Sauvignon Blanc

Riesling

Pinot Noir

101
Q

Australia and New Zealand

How big is Marlborough?

A

10,000 ha of Sauvignon Blanc alone

Produces over 1/2 the country’s wine

102
Q

Australia and New Zealand

What are the varietals of Marlborough?

A

Sauvignon Blanc

Pinot Noir

Chardonnay

Pinot Gris

Riesling

103
Q

Australia and New Zealand

What are the major subregions of Marlborough from N to S?

A

Wairau Valley

Southern Valleys

Awatere Valley

104
Q

Australia and New Zealand

What is the soil of Marlborough?

A

Sandy alluvial loam over gravel

Some sites are more water-retentive and produce a more herbaceous character

105
Q

Australia and New Zealand

What is the fastest growing wine region in New Zealand?

A

Canterbury, just south of Marlborough

Mainly due to the success of Waipara Valley in the north

106
Q

Australia and New Zealand

What are the major varietals of Canterbury?

A

Pinot Noir

Riesling

Chardonnay

Sauvignon Blanc

107
Q

Australia and New Zealand

What is unique about Central Otago?

A

World’s most southern wine region

Highest in altitude

Only region in NZ with a continental climate

108
Q

Australia and New Zealand

What are the major varietals for Central Otago?

A

Pinot Noir

Wine - New World Regions (5 decks)

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