NVG: Acronyms Flashcards
Acronym for remembering Self Imposed Stressors
DEATH
DEATH
Drugs - Use only if Rx approved by Flight Surgeon
DEATH
Exaustion - Fatigue causes errors
DEATH
Alcohol - reduces judgement and coordination
DEATH
Tobbaco - Increases CO2, Reduces O2
DEATH
Hypoglycemia - Low Blood Sugar/Energy
Acyronym for remembering Visual Illusions
FFF CRASH SARC
(SCAR) May work to help remember last 4
FFF CRASH SARC
False Horizon.
- Confusing cloud formations or uneven ground w/ the horizon.
- This is usually occurs when the aviator looks up after a prolonged period in the cockpit or from poor scanning technique.
FFF CRASH SARC
Flicker Vertigo.
- A light flickering at a rate of 4 to 20 cycles per second can produce nausea, vomiting & vertigo.
- It can be caused by sunlight flickering through the rotor blades or by an anticollision light reflecting against an overcast sky at night.
- DO NOT CLOSE your eyes, it will intensify the effect.
FFF CRASH SARC
Fixation.
- This occurs when aviators ignore orientation cues & fix their attention on a single goal or object without seeing the whole environment.
- May occur during times of task saturation or target fixation.
FFF CRASH SARC
Confusion.
A common occurrence is to confuse ground lights with stars.
A good cross check will prevent this illusion
FFF CRASH SARC
Relative Motion.
- Mistaking the motion of another aircraft or object for that of your own.
- Could occur during formation flight, hover taxi, or hovering over water or tall grass.
- The use of proper scanning techniques helps prevent this illusion.
FFF CRASH SARC
Autokinesis.
- When a static light is stared at in the dark for 6 to 12 seconds, the light appears to move up too 20 degrees in any direction.
- Reduce or eliminate by visual scanning, increasing the number of lights, or by varying light intensity.
FFF CRASH SARC
Structural illusion.
- The distortion of objects caused by heat waves, rain, snow or other factors that obscure vision.
- This illusion can be linked to mirages.
FFF CRASH SARC
Height Perception Illusion.
- When flying over terrain lacking good contrast (water, desert, snow), crew members may think the aircraft is higher or lower than it actually is.
- This is due to a lack of visual references. It can be overcome by dropping an object of known size or intensity from the aircraft or by using shadows cast by surrounding objects or the aircraft.
- At night drop a chem.-stick or flare before landing.
FFF CRASH SARC
Size-Distance Illusion.
- Viewing a source of light that is increasing or decreasing in luminance. The aviator may incorrectly interpret the light as approaching or retreating.
- It also is the false perception of distance from an object or the ground.
- It occurs when visual cues such as a runway or trees are different size than expected.
- Shooting an approach to a large runway vs. a small stage field lane. On larger runways an aviator may perceive he is too low when landing.
FFF CRASH SARC
Altered Planes of Reference
- The pilot has an inaccurate sense of altitude, attitude, or flight path position in relation to an object so great in size that the object becomes the new plane reference.
- When approaching a line of mountains or clouds, aviators may feel they need to climb even though their attitude is adequate.
FFF CRASH SARC
Reversible Perspective.
- At night, an aircraft may appear to be going away when it is actually approaching.
- This illusion often occurs when an aircraft is flying a parallel course.
- To avoid this illusion observe the lights. Red on right returning.
FFF CRASH SARC
Crater Illusion.
- Occurs when aircrew members land at night, under NVG conditions, and the IR searchlight is directed too far under the nose of the aircraft.
- This will cause the illusion of landing with up-sloping terrain in any directions.
- Depressing lulls the pilot into continuing to lower the collective. Could result in the aircraft prematurely impacting the ground, causing damage.
- If observing another aircraft during hover taxi, the aviator may perceive that the crater actually appears to move with the aircraft being observed.
Acronym for remembering Types Of Vision
PMS
PMS
Photopic - Daylight, uses Cones
PMS
Mesopic - Dusk/Dawn, uses Rods/Cones
PMS
Scotopic - Night, uses Rods
Acryonym to remember Distance Estimation
GLAVRKITOAFLLM
LAV
KITO
FLL
GLAVRAM
Geometric Perspective - Shapes affect perception
Linear Perspective - Parallel lines converge in distance.
Apparent Foreshortening - Elliptical Shape
Vertical Position - High on horizon = farthest away
Linear Perspective - Parallel Lines Converge
Apparent Foreshortening -
Shapes change with perspective, often becoming eliptical in shape
Vertical Perspective
Things higher on horizon are further away
Definition and acryonym to remember Retinal Image Size
Retinal Image Size - Brain interprets image size
- Known size of object - Associate familiar objects
- Increasing/Decreasing size - Objects get big/little
- Terresterial Association - Compare known w/ unknown
- Overlapping - Overlapped object is farther
Known size of object - Associate familiar objects
to gauge distance…
Increasing/Decreasing Size
Object gets bigger as it gets closer
or
smaller as it moves farther away
Terresterial Association
Compare known with unknown
I.e. We know how large ET is because we know how large a child is.
Or a tower next to a house…we can estimate heigth of tower.
Overlapping - overlapped object is further away.
Definition of Aerial Perspective
Acryonym to remember Aerial Perspective
Aerial Perspective - Clarity of Object tells distance from viewer.
Fading of Colors/Shades
Loss of details
Lights/Shadows
Fading of Colors/Shades - Far Objects Fade
Loss of Detail - Far objects have less detail
Lights & Shadows - Use shadows for clues
GRAM
Motion Parallelax
Far objects go by slow.
Near Objects go by fast
Looking out of window in car….near objects travel faster than far objects.
