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Spec. Rev. > NVD > Flashcards

NVD Flashcards

1
Q

What component of the eye adjusts pupil size to allow light into the eye?

A

Iris

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2
Q

______ cells are less effective as light levels decrease.

A

Cone

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3
Q

Which type of vision is characterized by lack of color perception and requires off-center viewing?

A

Scotopic

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4
Q

How long does it take to recover dark adaptation due to exposure to a bright light?

A

5-45 min

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5
Q

When is the lens flexible?

A

When young

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6
Q

Where does the optic nerve enter the retina?

A

Optic Disc

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7
Q

What is the transition zone between photopic, and scotopic vision called?

A

Mesopic Vision

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8
Q

Dark adaptation normally takes how long?

A

30 - 45 min

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9
Q

How large is the night-blind spot?

A

5 - 10 deg

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10
Q

Why is the circular overlap in a scan pattern 10 degrees?

A

To ensure coverage of an area greater than the night-blind spot

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11
Q

What information does motion parallax provide aviators?

A

Aircraft speed and direction of movement

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12
Q

What is visual acuity?

A

The ability to resolve detail in an object

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13
Q

Crewmembers should overlap the previous field of view by how many degrees to ensure they compensate for the night-blind spot?

A

10 degrees

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14
Q

What is distance Estimation?

A

It tells how far away an object is from the viewer

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15
Q

What surface is the most difficult to hover over?

A

Water

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16
Q

What is the primary function of the iris?

A

Adjusts pupil size to allow light into the eye

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17
Q

What is the primary function of the lens?

A

Focuses light on retina

18
Q

Rods and cones are contained in the __________?

A

Retina

19
Q

What 5 components of the eye help us to see?

A

Cornea, Iris, Pupil, Lens, and Retina

20
Q

What are the three types of vision?

A

Photopic, Mesopic, and Scotopic

21
Q

This type of vision has best visual acuity and uses mainly cones.

A

Photopic

22
Q

This type of vision has lowest visual acuity and uses mainly rods.

A

Scotopic

23
Q

This type of vision has degraded visual acuity and uses rods and cones.

A

Mesopic

24
Q

This is the chemical needed for better night vision and takes 30-45 min to build up.

A

Rhodopsin

25
Q

It takes 5 -45 min to recover from ______________.

A

Flash Blindness

26
Q

The day blind spot encompasses __________________.

A

5.5° to 7.5°of visual field

27
Q

The night blind spot encompasses ________________.

A

5° to 10° center of visual field

28
Q

__________ allows us to see where things are in relation to each other.

A

Depth perception

29
Q

What are the different monocular cues?

A

Geometric Perspective, Retinal Image Size, Aerial Perspective, Motion Parallax
G.R.A.M.

30
Q

Define geometric perspective

A

Objects have different shapes (geometry) when viewed at varying distances and altitudes

31
Q

Define retinal image size

A

An image focused on the retina is perceived by the brain to be of a given size.

Image on the retina = size of object

32
Q

Define aerial perspective

A

An object’s clarity and shadow help estimate distance

Clarity + shadow = distance

33
Q

Define motion parallax

A

The apparent relative motion of stationary objects as viewed by a moving observer – Aircraft Speed and direction

Your estimate vector wrt to an object on the ground

34
Q

What is spatial disorientation

A

The inability to determine position, attitude or motion relative to the gravitational vertical or the Earth’s surface

35
Q

Confusing cloud formations with the horizon or ground

A

False Horizon

36
Q

Missing or ignoring orientation cues to focus their attention on an object or goal

A

Fascination/Fixation

37
Q

Landing with the searchlight too far under the nose causes the pilot to misjudge altitude

A

Crater Illusion

38
Q

Falsely perceived self-motion in relation to another object’s motion

A

Vection

39
Q

Pilot perceives a single light to be in motion when it is not

A

Autokenesis

40
Q

Misinterpreting an unfamiliar object’s size to be the same as an object one is used to viewing

A

Size-Distance Illusions

Spec. Rev. (8 decks)

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