nuts and bolts Flashcards
where is the hypophysis located?
in the sella turcica, sphenoid bone
what is the function of the hypophysis?
master endocrine gland which produces hormones for other organs such as the liver.
what are the two parts of the hypophysis and what hormones do they excrete?
adenohypophysis- glandular part, produces fsh, lh, tsh.
neurohypophysis- neural part, produces oxytocin, adh.
what is the main blood supply source of the hypophysis?
superior hypophyseal supplies median eminence (top bit) and upper part of the stalk.
inferioir hypophyseal supplies neurohypophysis and lower part of stalk.
what controls the hypophysis?
the hypothalamus
what controls the thyroid gland?
hypothalamus and hypophysis. produces t4 and t3.
what arteries supply the thyroid?
superior thyroid (from external carotid) and inferior thyroid (from subclavian).
what are the veins which drain the thyroid?
extensive plexus that drains into the internal jugular vein and brachiocephalic vein.
where are the parathyroid glands located?
2 superior and 2 inferior on the posterior part of the thyroid. can be imbedded into the thryoid gland.
what is the role of the parathyroid glands?
to release parathyroid hormone which regulates calcium and phosphate levels. low levels of calcium would cause the receptors to be influenced by the antagonist which would keep muscles contracted- resp- death.
what artery supplies the parathyroid gland?
inferior thyroid and superior.
what vein drains the parathyroid?
superior, middle and inferior thyroid.
what nerve innervates the parathyroid?
nerve from the middle and inferior cervical ganglions.
what is the blood supply to the adrenal glands?
superior, middle and inferior suprarenal arteries
what is the drainage of the adrenal glands?
adrenal veins, drain into the IVC or renal vein.
what cells secrete calcitonin and what does calcitonin do?
C cells. reduces calcium concentration in the blood.
whats the name of the disease associated with hyperthyroidism?
graves disease
whats the name of the disease associated with hypothyroidism?
hashimotos disease
why do patients with a multi-nodular goitre have a normal functioning thryoid?
The thyroid has enlarged to compensate for the lack of iodine, as its enlarged it maximises the amount of iodine absorbed.
what causes hashimotos?
autoimmune condition, body attacks thyroid tissue. would be low levels of t3 and t4 and low levels of tsh.
