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MICROPARA > NUTRITIONAL REQUIREMENTS OF MICROORGANISMS > Flashcards

NUTRITIONAL REQUIREMENTS OF MICROORGANISMS Flashcards

1
Q

MAIN ELEMENTS FOR CELL GROWTH (5)

A

1.CARBON
2. NITROGEN
3. HYDROGEN
4. OXYGEN
5. SULFUR
6. PHOSPHORUS

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2
Q

2 MAJOR GROUPS OF ORGANISMS BASED ON CARBON REQUIREMENT

A
  1. AUTOTROPHS
  2. HETEROTROPHS
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3
Q

Give the nutritional classification of bacteria and other organism

A

Table

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4
Q

The bacteria grow near the bottom of the
spring pool and float to the top (by virtue of their gas
vesicles) when disturbed.

Blooms of purple sulfur bacteria.

A

Thiopedia

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5
Q

The filamentous cells twist together
to form thick streamers, and the white color is due to the
abundant elemental sulfur content of the cells.

A

Sulfur-oxidizing
bacteria

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6
Q

inorganic cpds as electron donor for cellular
respiration and CO2 as carbon source) are autotrophs.

A

chemolithotrophs

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7
Q

ARE NUTRIENT PREPARATIONS FOR THE
GROWTH OF MICROORGANISMS IN THE LABORATORY.

A

CULTURE MEDIA (SING. MEDIUM)

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8
Q

MUST PROVIDE THE ESSENTIAL CHEMICAL ELEMENTS FOR GROWTH OF

A

MCG’S

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9
Q

THE CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS ARE GROUPED AS FOLLOWS:

A
  1. NITROGEN SOURCES
  2. CARBON SOURCES
  3. ENERGY SOURCES
  4. MINERALS
  5. GROWTH FACTORS
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10
Q

2 TYPES OF CULTURE MEDIA

A

CHEMICALLY DEFINED
CHEMICALLY UNDEFINED OR COMPLEX

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11
Q

EXACT COMPOSITION IS KNOWN

A

CHEMICALLY DEFINED

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12
Q

Examples of chemically defined 2

A

E.G. GLUCOSE MINIMAL SALT AGAR

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13
Q

PREPARED FROM NATURAL PRODUCTS

A

CHEMICALLY UNDEFINED OR COMPLEX

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14
Q

Examples of chemically undefined or complex ket 4

A

NUTRIENT AGAR (NA), NUTRIENT BROTH (NB), COCONUT WATER AGAR (CWA),
TRYPTONE GLUCOSE YEAST EXTRACT AGAR (TGYA), PLATE COUNT AGAR (PCA), POTATO
DEXTROSE AGAR (PDA), ETC.

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15
Q

NATURAL PRODUCTS: (3)

A

MEAT EXTRACT
PEPTONE
YEAST EXTRACT

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16
Q

Meat extract example and meaning

A

E.G. BEEF EXTRACT (HYDROLYZED EXTRACT OF MEAT)

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17
Q

Peptone example and meaning

A

PROTEINS THAT HAVE BEEN PARTIALLY DEGRADED BY THE ENZYME
PROTEASE (E.G. MILK-CASEIN HYDROLYSATE, SOYBEAN-CASEIN HYDROLYSATE

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18
Q

Yeast extract ex and mean

A

CONTAINS- WATER-SOLUBLE VITAMINS TO ENHANCE MICROBIAL
GROWTH E.G. VITAMIN B

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19
Q

ALL ARE COMPLEX SUBSTANCES CONTAINING SUGARS, AMINO ACIDS, VITAMINS & SALTS;

THEIR EXACT COMPOSITION IS UNKNOWN.

T OR F

A

T

20
Q

A COMPLEX POLYSACCHARIDE EXTRACTED FROM MARINE ALGAE,
SPECIFICALLY FROM RED SEAWEED (AGAROPHYTES)

A

Agar

21
Q

2 POLYSACCHARIDES

A

AGAROSE (CA 70%) AND AGAROPECTIN (CA 30%)

22
Q

CHIEF COMPONENTS in agar

A

D-GALACTOSE & 3,6-ANHYDRO-L-GALACTOSE

23
Q
  • IDEAL SOLIDIFYING AGENT BEC IT REMAINS MOLTEN & LIQUID AT
A

40-45*C after cooling from boiling point

24
Q

MCG’S are not usually killed at 45C can be added into a liquid medium containing molten agar before it is poured to tubes or petri plate
T or F

A

T

25
Q

Agar could be? (3)

A

REMAINS SOLID AT USUAL INCUBATION TEMP
* NOT A NUTRIENT FOR MOST MCGS AND IS NOT METABOLIZED DURING
MICROBIAL GROWTH

26
Q

(W/ DEMANDING NUTRITIONAL
REQUIREMENTS E.G. LACTOBACILLUS ACIDOPHILUS) OTHER
COMPOUNDS MAY BE ADDED (E.G. AMINO ACIDS &/OR VITAMINS)

A

WITH FASTIDIOUS ORGS

27
Q

COMMONLY USED MEDIA (3)

A

NUTRIENT AGAR/BROTH, TGYA, PLATE COUNT
AGAR

28
Q

IMITATE NORMAL HABITAT ( CHEMICALLY DEFINED- OR COMPLEX)
* DEPEND ON THE TYPE OF BACTERIA BASED ON NUTRITIONAL
REQUIREMENT

A

MEDIA FOR GROWTH OF BACTERIA

29
Q

MANY ON UNCOMPLICATED MEDIA, OTHERS ON COMPLEX MEDIA

A

MEDIA FOR GROWTH OF FUNGI

30
Q

LIVE ON DEAD ORGANIC MATTER part of media for growth of fungi

A

SAPROPHYTIC-

31
Q

Examples of MEDIA FOR GROWTH OF FUNGI (3)

A

POTATO DEXTROSE AGAR, POTATO INFUSION AGAR , SABORAUD’S
AGAR,

32
Q

Media for protozoa means (4)

A
  • MANY HAVE NOT BEEN GROWN IN VITRO
  • IF CAN BE GROWN IN VITRO REQUIRE A RANGE OF AMINO ACIDS &
    VITAMINS PLUS CARBOHYDRATES
  • AMOEBAS IN PEPTONE BROTH
  • SOME ON NUTRIENT BROTH OR WATER GELLED AGAR IF GIVEN BACTERIAL
    CELLS TO INGEST
33
Q

MEDIA FOR GROWTH OF ALGAE (3)

A

NEED LIGHT AND REQUIRE ONLY CO2, WATER AND INORGANIC
IONS
* SOME CAPABLE OF HETEROTROPHIC GROWTH IN THE DARK
(EUGLENA)
* FEW COMMERCIALLY AVAILABLE, STANDARDIZED PACKAGE MEDIA

34
Q

MEDIA USED FOR CULTIVATING
MICROORGANIMS (4)

A

MEDIA FOR GROWTH OF BACTERIA
MEDIA FOR GROWTH OF FUNGI
MEDIA FOR GROWTH OF PROTOZOA
MEDIA FOR GROWTH OF ALGAE

35
Q

SPECIAL- PURPOSE MEDIA (5)

A

SELECTIVE MEDIA
DIFFERENTIAL
ENRICHMENT
SELECTIVE/DIFFERENTIAL
MICROBIOLOGICAL ASSAY

36
Q

DESIGNED TO ENHANCE THE GROWTH OF A
PARTICULAR KIND OF MICROORGANISMS OR SUPPRESS
THE GROWTH OF OTHER KINDS OF MCGS

CONTAINS INHIBITOR/S THAT SUPPRESS GROWTH OF
OTHER MCGS

A

SELECTIVE MEDIA

37
Q

SELECTS FUNGI (W/ LOW
PH & HIGH GLUCOSE) selective example

A

SABOURAUD’S AGAR

38
Q

ISOLATE SALMONELLA
FROM COMMON INHABITANTS OF INTESTINAL TRACT selective example

A

BRILLIANT GREEN AGAR

39
Q

DIFFERENTIATE VARIOUS KINDS OF MCGS ON AN AGAR PLATE

A

Differential media

40
Q

DIFFERENTIATES STREPTOCOCCUS PYOGENES (HEMOLYTIC)
FROM NONHEMOLYTIC BACTERIA FROM THE SAME SPECIMEN BY PRODUCING
CLEAR ZONES AROUND EACH COLONY differential example

A

BLOOD AGAR

41
Q

DIFFERENTIATES FECAL-COLIFORM
E.COLI WITH NON-FECAL COLIFORM ENTEROBACTER AEROGENES

A

EOSIN METHYLENE BLUE AGAR (EMBA)

42
Q

USEFUL IN PUBLIC HEALTH MICROBIOLOGY (E.G. DETERMINING WATER QUALITY,
FINDING THE CAUSE OF FOOD POISONING)

A

Selec/differential

43
Q

INHIBITS GRAM + BACTERIA (DUE TO BILE SALTS &
CRYSTAL VIOLET) AND DIFFERENTIATES LACTOSE-FERMENTING GRAM - BACTERIA
FROM THOSE THAT DO NOT FERMENT selec/diffe example

A

MACCONKEY AGAR

44
Q

Enrichment def 3

A

ENHANCES THE GROWTH OF MICROORGANISMS PRESENT ONLY IN
SMALL NUMBERS
* NO INHIBITORY SUBSTANCES PRESENT
* AFTER SERIES OF TRANSFER TO NEW MEDIA DESIRED SPECIES EMERGE
AS THE PREDOMINANT OR ENRICHED POPULATION

45
Q

– ISOLATES PHENOLOXIDIZING BACTERIA FROM SOIL enrich example

A

AMMONIUM SALTS MEDIUM W/ PHENOL

46
Q

Microbial assay (3)

A
  • USED TO MEASURE THE CONCENTRATION OF
    SUBSTANCES SUCH AS ANTIBIOTICS AND VITAMINS (ON
    BLOOD SERUM, TISSUE FLUIDS, PHARMACEUTICAL
    PRODUCTS, ANIMAL FEEDS, OTHER MATERIALS)
  • INVOLVES USE OF TEST ORGANISMS SUSCEPTIBLE TO
    THE ANTIBIOTIC
  • MEASURED BY THE DEGREE OF GROWTH INHIBITION
47
Q

FOR ANTIBIOTIC ASSAY

A

MUELLER –HINTON AGAR

MICROPARA (3 decks)

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