Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Pediatrics > Nutritional Problems in Children > Flashcards

Nutritional Problems in Children Flashcards

1
Q

Most Common Food Allergies

A 
milk
eggs
wheat
peanuts
shellfish
seafood
soy
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Mast-Cell Activation and Granule Release to the System leads to:

A
  • GI: increased peristalsis (v/d)
  • Airway: increase in inflammation, increase mucus buildup (rhinorrhea, congestion, sneezing)
  • Blood vessels: increased permeability > inflammation > swelling (usually facial)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Food Allergies: Clinical Manifestations

A
  • rashes
  • local inflammation
  • swelling of lips
  • hives

neuro s/sx: irritability, excessive crying, excessive sweating, hyperactivity, lethargy

anaphylaxis: wheeze, hives, swelling

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Food Allergies: Dx

A
  • skin prick testing
  • eliminate suspected allergen trial
  • hypoallergenic diet (for 2 weeks then add food back in one at a time)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Hypoallergenic Foods

A 
rice 
rice products
pears
peaches
lamb
carrots
gelatin desserts
lettuce
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Food Allergies: Primary Prevention

A

infant: slow introduction of solid foods

do not delay introducing allergenic foods unless strong family history of food allergies

breast milk, then formulas

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Food Allergies: Tx

A
  • elimination/avoidance
  • allergy shots
  • peanut allergen immunotherapy trials: given orally (OIT), sublingually (SLIT) or epicutaneous (EPIT)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Celiac Disease

A

intolerance to gluten causing damage to villi in the small intestine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Gluten Product

A

wheat
rye
barley
oats

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Celiac Disease: Etiology

A

autoimmune

genetic susceptibility unknown

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Celiac Disease: Pathophysiology

A

chronic inflammation leading to destruction of the villi

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Celiac Disease: Early Sx

A
  • steatorrhea
  • weight loss or poor weight gain
  • failure to grow
  • abdominal distention
  • FTT
  • anorexia
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Celiac Disease: Late Sx

A
  • severe growth retardation
  • osteoporosis
  • osteomalacia
  • easy bruising
  • anemia
  • muscle wasting
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Celiac Disease: Dx

A
  • fecal fat
  • biopsy
  • serological testing
  • trial of gluten free diet
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Celiac Disease: Management

A
  • eliminate gluten from diet
  • TPM
  • Supplements
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Celiac Disease: Nursing Dx

A
  • knowledge deficit
  • altered nutrition
  • fluid volume deficit
  • altered electrolytes
  • altered comfort
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Lactose Intolerance

A

XXX

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Lactose Intolerance: Dx

A

breath hydrogen test

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Lactose Intolerance: Tx

A
  • supplement lactase

- eliminate lactose from diet

20
Q

Lactose Intolerance Nursing Considerations

A
  • skin care w/ increased stools (increased acid and enzyme content in stools)
  • teaching
21
Q

Lactose Intolerance Nursing Considerations

A
  • skin care w/ increased stools (increased acid and enzyme content in stools)
  • teaching
22
Q

Crohn’s Disease

A

an inflammatory bowel disease

  • chronic intestinal inflammation of unclear etiology
  • no known cure
23
Q

Ulcerative Colitis

A

an inflammatory bowel disease

  • inflammation w/ ulcer formation in the lining of the colon
  • cause is unknown
  • end of the colon (rectum) is generally involved
24
Q

Crohn’s Disease: Top S/Sx

A
  • abdominal pain
  • rectal bleeding
  • diarrhea
  • anorexia
  • weight loss
25
Q

Crohn’s Disease: Extraintestinal Manifestations

A
  • arthritis
  • osteoporosis
  • primary scleorsing cholangitis (inflammation of bile ducts)
  • renal calculi
  • anemia
  • oral aphthous stomatitis
  • erythema nodosum (inflammation of fat cells under skin - causes tissue necrosis > ulcers and chronic wounds usually of the legs)
  • pyoderma gangrenosum
26
Q

IBD: Dx

A

lab testing:

  • CBC
  • inflammatory markers: ESR, CRP
  • nutritional: protein, albumin, iron, zinc, magnesium, B12, fat-soluble vitamins
  • stool studies

Serology tests:
-IBD diagnostic panel

Radiology:

  • abdominal x-rays
  • abdominal CT scan
  • MRE
  • Small bowel follow through

Endoscopy:

  • upper endoscopy (EGD)
  • colonoscopy
  • video capsule endoscopy
27
Q

IBD: Tx

A

Acute phase:

  • NPO
  • fluid/electrolytes or TPN
  • monitor bowel sounds and abdomen
  • monitor stool output
  • diet: clear to low-residue diet to high-protein, high calorie diet
  • vitamin supplementation: multivitamin, iron, folic acid

Meds:

  • antibiotics
  • Aminosalicylates (5-ASAs): used to tx inflammation of the gut and prevent flair ups
  • Corticosteroids
  • Immunomodulators
  • Biologics

Surgery (last resort):

  • UC: severe bleeding, toxic megacolon
  • CD: abscess drainage, fistula, obstruction, stricture, perforation
28
Q

IBD: Priorities

A
  • dehydration
  • blood loss
  • hemodynamics
  • infection
29
Q

IBD: Evaluation

A
  • pain assessments
  • improved stool output
  • weight gain
30
Q

IBD: Goal of Tx

A
  • decrease flare-ups

- improve pt quality of life

31
Q

Enterobiasis (Pinworms): Source and Mode of Transmission

A
  • infected humans (common in daycare and schools)
  • contaminated hands, food, and air
  • incubation period (2-6wk)
32
Q

Pinworms: Clinical Manifestations

A
  • intense itching
  • irritability
  • n/v
  • weightloss
33
Q

Pinworms: Dx

A
  • place cellophane tape on the anus which will pick up eggs or worms
  • stool for O&P
34
Q

Pinworms: Tx

A
  • anthelmintic (mebendazole):: 1 dose now and 1 dose in 2 wks
  • all family members are treated
  • wash clothes, towels, linens w/ hot water
  • vacuum
  • damp mop
  • good hygiene
35
Q

Gastroenteritis: Cause

A

Dietary: overfeeding, new foods, milk too soon after diarrhea, too much fruit juice

Meds: antibiotics, laxatives

Toxic agents: heavy metals, organic phosphates

Viral (about 60%):
-rotavirus
-norwalk virus
adenovirus
-parvovirus

Bacterial:

  • Salmonella
  • shingella
  • campylobacter
  • e.coli
  • staph aureus

Parastic:

  • giardia
  • cryptosporidium

Other:

  • post-op
  • chemo
36
Q

Gastroenteritis: Tx

A
  • PO trial
  • BRAT diet
  • if dehydrated, NPO and IVF
  • NS bolus (20 mL/kg of crystalloid NS or LR)
  • antibiotics if bacterial etiology
37
Q

Colic

A

XXX

38
Q

Phenylketonuria (PKU)

A

birth defect that causes the amino acid phenylalanine to build up in the body
-untreated can lead to brain damage, intellectual disabilities, behavior symptoms, seizures

39
Q

PKU: Tx

A

strict diet w/ limited protein

40
Q

PKU: Dx

A

tested a minimum of 24 hours after beginning milk (breast or formula)

retested 7-10 days later to catch false negatives

41
Q

PKU: Foods to Avoid

A
  • meat
  • dairy products
  • dry beans
  • nuts
  • eggs
42
Q

GERD: Sx

A
  • chronic vomiting
  • FTT
  • Fussiness
  • esophagitis
  • aspiration
43
Q

GERD: Dx

A
  • history
  • x-ray
  • upper GI
  • EGD
  • Ph probe (GOLD STANDARD)
44
Q

GERD: Management

A
  • conservative tx
  • meds

surgical: nissen fundoplication

45
Q

Failure to Thrive (FTT): Organic FTT Cause

A

growth failure d/t acute or chronic disorder that interferes w/ nutrient intake, absorption, metabolism, or excretion or that increases energy requirements

46
Q

FTT: Non-Organic Cause

A
  • 80% w/ FTT do not have apparent organic disorder

- failure occurs b/c of environmental neglect (e.g. lack of food), stimulus deprivation, or both

Pediatrics (14 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions