Nutritional Needs Of Groups

Question 1

Adolescents

Answer 1

Phase of life between childhood + adulthood, from ages 10 to 19, where children develop into adults. Experience rapid physical, cognitive + psychosocial growth.

Question 2

Anaphylactic Reaction

Answer 2

Caused by very severe allergy + very sudden + serious swelling in throat, which then can lead to death + requires immediate medical treatment.

Question 3

Cardiovascular Disease

Answer 3

General term for conditions affecting heart/blood vessels + usually associated with build-up of fatty deposits inside arteries + increased risk of blood clots.

Question 4

Coeliac Disease

Answer 4

Medical condition, autoimmune disease to protein gluten present in cereals wheat, barley + rye, immune reaction triggered, when gluten is eaten, damages villi of small intestine + damaged villi flatten, reducing surface area for nutrient absorption. Naturally gluten-free foods e.g meat + fish can be eaten by someone with coeliac disease.

Question 5

Coronary Heart Disease

Answer 5

Occurs when flow of oxygen-rich blood to heart muscle is blocked/reduced, puts increased strain on heart + can lead to: heart attacks + heart failure.

Question 6

Dental Caries (Tooth Decay/Dental Cavities)

Answer 6

Develops when bacteria in mouth metabolise sugars to produce acid that demineralises hard tissue of teeth: enamel.

Question 7

Diverticular Disease (Diverticulitis)

Answer 7

Conditions that affect large intestine (bowel), causing tummy (abdominal) pain + caused by small bulges/pouches in walls of intestine due to lack of fibre in diet.

Question 8

The Eatwell Guide

Answer 8

Designed by Public Health England, visual healthy eating model to encourage people to eat correct proportions of food to achieve balanced diet.

Question 9

Energy Balance

Answer 9

Relationship between energy input + energy used by body (physical activity + BMR).

Question 10

Food Allergy

Answer 10

Body having allergic reaction to food/ingredient in food.

Question 11

Food Intolerance

Answer 11

Becoming ill after eating certain food, much harder to diagnose than food allergy, usual way is to stop eating food that seems to be problem. symptoms: bloating, diarrhoea, nausea, abdominal pains + fatigue.

Question 12

High Blood Pressure (Hypertension)

Answer 12

Can lead to serious problems e.g heart attacks/strokes + solutions to keep healthy: lifestyle changes + blood pressure medicines.

Question 13

Lactating

Answer 13

When mother produces milk in her breasts to breastfeed her baby.

Question 14

Lacto Vegetarian

Answer 14

✅ dairy products ❌ eggs, meat + fish.

Question 15

Lacto Ovo Vegetarian

Answer 15

✅ dairy products + eggs ❌ meat + fish.

Question 16

Lactose

Answer 16

Type of sugar found in milk.

Question 17

Lactose Intolerance

Answer 17

Inability to digest lactose due to shortage of enzyme lactase.

Question 18

Low Fat

Answer 18

3g fat/less per 100g.

Question 19

Low Salt

Answer 19

3g of salt/less per 100g (or 0.1g of sodium).

Question 20

Low Sugar

Answer 20

5g of sugar/less per 100g.

Question 21

Lactase

Answer 21

Enzyme that breaks down lactose so that body can easily digest it.

Question 22

Obese

Answer 22

Excessive fatness + measured as ratio of weight (in kg) to height squared (in m squared): BMI of 30 - 40.

Question 23

Osteomalacia

Answer 23

Caused by lack of vitamin D in adults + leads to soft + weak bones.

Question 24

Osteoporosis

Answer 24

Disease in which bones start to lose minerals (bone mineral density + bone mass decreases) + their strength, causing them to break easily.

Question 25

Positive Energy Balance

Answer 25

When energy consumption is smaller than physical activity + BMR (Basal Metabolic Rate), leading to gaining of weight + potentially being overweight/obese.

Question 26

Rickets

Answer 26

Caused by lack of vitamin D + calcium in children, affects child’s growth + strength of bones developing properly + caused their legs to be bowed (curvy).

Question 27

Satiety

Answer 27

Feeling full after eating - starch helps this.

Question 28

Type 1 Diabetes

Answer 28

Usually diagnosed in young adulthood + controlled by injections/pumps (no cure), lack of insulin + main focus is balance between food intake + insulin injections (blood glucose levels).

Question 29

Type 2 Diabetes

Answer 29

Treated by lifestyle changes, normal in older people, higher chance of developing it if overweight/obese, focus on controlling weight, diet + exercise + body either can’t produce insulin/insulin that is produced doesn’t work.

Question 30

Vegan

Answer 30

Strict vegetarians who won’t eat any animal products (fish, meat, eggs + dairy products).

Question 31

Vegetarian

Answer 31

Won’t eat meat (poultry + meat products), fish (fish products e.g fish oils) that involve killing animal + diet based on: grains, pulses, nuts, seeds, fruit + vegetables + most include dairy products + eggs.

Question 32

Negative Energy Balance

Answer 32

When energy consumption is larger than physical activity + BMR (Basal Metabolic Rate), which means insufficient energy for body, leading to loss of weight + potentially being underweight.

Question 33

Symptoms of Coeliac Disease

Answer 33

Diarrhoea, constipation, persistent nausea, tiredness + weight loss.

Question 34

Sources of Gluten

Answer 34

Wheat: pasta, flour, biscuits, bread + breakfast cereals biscuits. Less common: sausages, soy sauce + ready made soups.

Question 35

Allergen

Answer 35

Substance in food that causes reaction, body then produces histamine + other chemicals that causes abnormal reaction + symptoms include: rashes, itchiness, swelling, wheezing + runny nose.

Question 36

Symptoms of Food Intolerance

Answer 36

Bloating, diarrhoea, nausea, abdominal pains + fatigue.

Question 37

Most Important Intolerances

Answer 37

Gluten, lactose (milk sugar) + wheat.

Question 38

Living with an Intolerance

Answer 38

Means: reading food labels, allergens in bold on food packets + always asking out at restaurants.

Question 39

Symptoms of Lactose Intolerance

Answer 39

Diarrhoea, flatulence, (stomach) cramps, bloating + vomiting.

Question 40

Cow’s Milk Allergy

Answer 40

Immune response to one or more of proteins (albumin, casein or whey) in cow’s milk + usually immediate reaction.

Question 41

Symptoms of Cow’s Milk Allergy

Answer 41

Bloating, vomiting, constipation, diarrhoea + headaches.

Question 42

Dietary Modifications for Diabetics

Answer 42

Choose wholegrain foods, eat regularly to reduce snacking, reduce amount of processed foods that you eat + follow 8 tips to healthy balanced diet from Government.

Question 43

Symptoms of Diabetes

Answer 43

Tiredness, increase thirst + hunger, unexpected weight loss + pain in legs.

Question 44

Weaning

Answer 44

Introducing babies to solid foods other than its mother’s breast milk, 3 stages, stage 1: 4-6 months, stage 2: 7-9 months + stage 3: 9-12 months, therefore, taking around 12 months in total (1 year).

Question 45

Breast milk

Answer 45

Only food/drink baby needs in first 6 months of their life, nutrients help baby’s growth + development, protection from infection + diseases, has long term advantages for baby, doesn’t contain iron as baby born with supply of iron that lasts it for first 6 months of life.

Question 46

Formula Milk

Answer 46

Made from cow’s milk, modified to mimic breast milk + may also be fortified with iron.