Nutritional Needs Of Groups Flashcards
How many calories does an adolescent girl need?
Around 2,400kcal
How many calories does a adolescent (13-18 year old) boy need?
Around 2,900kcal
What is needed in an increased amount as a teenager?
Vitamin D and iron
How much iron does a teenage girl need?
14g a day due to menstruation
How much iron does a teenage boy need?
11.3g
How many calories does a man need?
2500kcals
How many calories does a women need?
2000kcals
Why do adults need less energy than teenagers?
They are not growing anymore and on average do less exercise
What foods cannot be eaten during pregnancy?
Unpasteurised milk - contain listeria bacteria
Raw or uncooked meats
Pate - too much vitamin A
Avoid Caffeine- inhibits growth
What cannot be eaten during breastfeeding?
High amounts of caffeine or alcohol
Baby shark
Swordfish
Marlin
What is coeliac disease?
An autoimmune disease triggered by gluten causing damage to the lining of the gut which could lead to malnutrition as the body cannot fully absorb nutrients
What is lactose intolerance?
The inability to digest the sugar,lactose, due to a shortage of the enzyme lactase
What is a food allergen?
The substance in the food that causes a reaction in a person
Why are food allergies serious?
If a severe allergy it could result in anaphylactic shock which could lead to death
Symptoms of lactose intolerance
- cramps
- diarrhoea
- nausea
What must alternate dairy sources be fortified with?
Calcium, vitamin D,
How long are children breastfed for?
6 months -> formula can be used as well
What is weaning?
The process of introducing solid foods to a baby. Usually done after the first 6 months
What are the three stages of weaning?
- introduction of solid foods
- introduction of more textures and tastes
- wider variety and family food from around 9-12 months
What foods should babies avoid?
Salt, sugar, honey, shark, whole nuts, marlin
How many calories should 1-3 year olds consume?
1000-1200 a day
Problems that elderly may face:
- may be difficult for them to prepare their own meals e.g. dementia or arthritis
- might lose their teeth meaning they can’t eat solid foods
- they become weaker so meals need to be easy to prepare
Why is fibre more important as you get older?
As you get less active so does your digestive system. Also reduces threat of type 2 diabetes and heart disease
Reasons why people may be vegetarian:
- some believe it’s wrong to kill animals
- don’t like taste on meat
- some religions don’t allow followers to eat meat e,g. Muslims
- some think that it is healthier
- meat is more expensive
- influenced by family/friends
What may vegetarians struggle to obtain?
Essential amino acids so must ensure they are eating enough beans, lentils, or meat alternatives
- protein complementation (combining two LBVs) to provide all essentials amino acids
What else could effect how many calories adults eat in a day?
Their job
Vital nutrients during pregnancy:
- folic acid (prevents spina bifida)
- calcium (develops strong bones in baby)
- vitamin D (helps with absorption of calcium)
- iron
What is the recommended amount of alcohol a week?
14 units
Why are starchy carbohydrates important?
Provide fibre allowing the feeling of satiety meaning less snacking on high fat and high sugar foods is done
What should be in the liquid supplements given to babies after 6 months?
Vitamin A,C,D
