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Food Tech > Nutritional Needs > Flashcards

Nutritional Needs Flashcards

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1
Q

Why do children need lots of energy

A

Because they grow quickly

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2
Q

Why should young children have small and frequent meals

A

their stomachs are small, so it’s better because it means they get the energy they need

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3
Q

What is an important source of nutrients for small children?

A

Milk

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4
Q

What should young children be encouraged to do?

A

Try a variety of foods

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5
Q

What nutrients are especially important to children?

A

Protein, to help with growth and repair
Carbs and fat, help with energy
Calcium and vitamin d, for healthy teeth and bone development

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6
Q

What can foods high in sugar do to small children?

A

Can cause hyper ness
Tooth decay
Weight gain

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7
Q

Why should families all eat healthy?

A

Because eating habits are adopted from our parents, so it’s important to set a good example

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8
Q

What should teenaged follow when eating

A

The eatwell guide

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9
Q

When do rapid growth spurts happen in teenagers

A

Early teens, girls usually start earlier than boys

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10
Q

What nutrients do teenagers need the most of

A

Protein to cope with growth spurts
Iron and vitamin c- period loses iron and vit c helps absorb iron
Calcium and vitamin d- helps skeleton reach peak size and bone density.

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11
Q

What can stress lead towards

A

Anorexia or weight gain

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12
Q

Why should adults stick to the eat well guide?

A

They stop growing so they should maintain a healthy lifestyle to keep the body disease free

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13
Q

Why do men require more calories ?

A

Because they have more lean muscle which means they require more energy. And they are usually taller and bigger

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14
Q

Why is iron still important for women?

A

Because they still lose it during their periods

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15
Q

Why is calcium and vitamin d still important also?

A

It can help reduce the chance of bone disease in later life, and women lose bone strength quickly after menopause so these nutrients are needed to keep strong

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16
Q

What should a pregnant women do to keep healthy

A

Eat 200 more calories towards the end of pregnancy o support the babies growth and consume more folic acid o reduce the risk of birth defects such as spina bifida

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17
Q

What happens to elderly adults muscle

A

It turns into fat so therefore they need less energy

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18
Q

Why should elderly adults cut down on saturated fats

A

To make sure they stay healthy and reduce the risk of coronary heart disease

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19
Q

Why should meals be adapted o be more interesting for the elderly?

A

Because their senses of smell and taste changes

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20
Q

What are the main nutrients for the elderly

A

Calcium and vitamin d-to stop bones from becoming brittle and weak
Vitamin b12- to keep the brain healthy and prevent memory loss
Fibre- to prevent constipation as the digestive system becomes weak
Vitamin a- to maintain good eyesight

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21
Q

What is obesity

A

When the body has too much fat

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22
Q

What BMIs class as obese

A

30-35 is obese and 35+ is extremely obese

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23
Q

What health problems can obesity lead to

A

High blood pressure and a greater risk of cancer

Also low self asteem and tiredness

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24
Q

How is coronary heart disease caused

A

By clogged arteries

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25
Q

What’s a cause for coronary heart disease

A

Smoking or eating lots of saturated fat

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26
Q

What health problems can coronary heart disease lead to

A

Pain in chest, blood close and heart attacks

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27
Q

What is anaemia?

A

Iron deficiency

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28
Q

What are the symptoms of anaemia

A

Pale complexion, tiredness or headaches

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29
Q

What do people with anaemia have a reduced store of?

A

Red blood cells

30
Q

How is diabetes and insulin connected

A

Insulin is made in the pancreas, and diabetes is when blood glucose levels stay too high because the pancreas either can’t create enough insulin to control it or the body resists it

31
Q

Why do we need energy

A

To keep our hearts beating
Keep organs functioning
Maintain body temp
Muscle contraction

32
Q

What are the factors affecting how much energy we need

A

Gender, age, level of activity and body size

33
Q

Where do we get our energy from

A

Macros

34
Q

What are the micros energy values

A

Carbs-4kcal per g
Protein - 4kcal per g
Fat-9kcal per g

35
Q

What does E.A.R stand for

A

Estimated average requirements

36
Q

How much of our energy should come from carbs

A

50%

37
Q

How much of our energy should come from fats

A

35%

38
Q

How much of our energy should come from protein

A

15%

39
Q

What is the equation used to out how much energy we need

A

Basal metabolic rate x physical activity level

40
Q

What is basal metabolic rate

A

The rate a which a person uses energy to maintain the basic functions of the body when it’s at complete rest

41
Q

How do you calculate bmi

A

Bmi=weight (kg) divided by height in m squared

42
Q

What happens if you have a positive energy balance

A

You gain weight

43
Q

What happens if you have a negative energy balance

A

You lose weight

44
Q

What’s the definition of protein

A

A macronutrient that is needed by all animals, including humans

45
Q

What is protein made up of

A

Amino acids

46
Q

What are the sources of protein

A

HBV and LBV

47
Q

What does HBV and LBV stand for

A

High and low biological value

48
Q

Is HBV or LBV better and why

A

HBV is better because it contains all essential amino acids whereas LBV is missing one or more essential amino acids

49
Q

Name some HBVs

A

Meat, eggs and fish

50
Q

Name some LBVs

A

Nuts, seeds and beans

51
Q

What are the functions of protein

A

Repair and growth of the body, give the body energy

52
Q

What’s the symptoms of protein deficiency

A

Hair loss, growth problems, bad digestion

53
Q

How may molecules are in a monosaccharide

A

One sugar molecule

54
Q

What is monosaccharides also know as

A

Simple sugars

55
Q

Name examples of monosaccharides

A

Glucose-ripe fruit and veg
Fructose-fruit and veg
Galactose-milk from mammals

56
Q

What is a disaccharide

A

Two simple sugar molecules

57
Q

Name some examples of disaccharides

A

Maltose-cereal
Sucrose-sugar cane and beet
Lactose- milk from mammals

58
Q

What do complex polysaccharides taste like

A

Not sweet

59
Q

How long does it take to break down complex carbs

A

Long time

60
Q

Name the types of complex carbs

A

Starch-starchy veg
Pectin-some fruits and some root veg
Dextin-formed when foods are baked or toasted
NSP- dietary fibre

61
Q

What are the effects if you have too many carbs

A

Tooth decay
Obesity
Type 2 diabetes

62
Q

What are the symptoms of carb deficiency

A

Fatigue, weight loss, weakness

63
Q

What is dietary fibre

A

A type of carb found in plants

64
Q

Where is dietary fibre not absorbed

A

The small intestine

65
Q

How is dietary fibre broken down

A

It’s fermented by bacteria in the colon and provide a small amount of energy

66
Q

Name some sources of dietary fibre

A

Whole grain, oats

67
Q

How does fibre help in our diet

A

Prevents constipation

Reduces cholesterol levels

68
Q

How much dietary fibre do need a day

A

Adults-18g

Kids-little bit less

69
Q

What are the symptoms of fibre deficiency

A

Constipation, unhealthy heart

70
Q

What are the symptoms of excess fibre

A

Diarrhoea, bloating

Food Tech (5 decks)

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