Nutritional Modes (Prokaryotes) Flashcards
What does the prefix “chemo” mean?
chemo=energy comes from a high-energy molecule (like glucose)
What does the prefix “photo” mean?
photo=energy comes from light
What does the prefix “Auto” mean?
auto= carbon is obtained from an inorganic, non-biological source
What does the prefix “hetero” mean?
hetero= carbon is obtained from an organic biological source
What does the suffix “troph” mean?
nourishment
Define bioremediation
Bioremediation can be defined as the process of using various species of bacteria for the removal of toxins from the environment; this happens because the bacteria use inorganic (toxic) carbon compounds as carbon sources and metabolize it into non-toxic byproducts.
Define symbiosis
the interaction between two different types of organisms living in close physical proximity to one another.
ex. would be the different types of good and bad bacteria that are within the human body.
What are symbionts?
interacting organisms
of two interacting organisms, which is the host?
the larger of the two species
of two interacting organisms, which is the microsymbiont?
the smaller of the two species
Define mutualism
when both members of the symbiosis derive mutual benefit from the association (++)
Define parasitism
when one member of the symbiosis derives benefit at the expense of the other (+-)
Define commensalism
when either one member of the symbiosis derived benefit and the other is unaffected, or both species are unaffected (+0 or 00)
What is an opportunistic infection
when a normally communalistic bacteria becomes pathogenic in response to a changed environment.
What does the term Anaerobic mean?
When an organism, environment, or cellular process generally lacks or does not require oxygen.
What does the term aerobic mean?
When an organism/cellular process requires oxygen.
What are obligate anaerobes?
organisms that either have no need for oxygen, or may be poisoned by oxygen.
What are obligate aerobes?
Organisms that require oxygen.
What are facultatic anaerobes?
Organisms that can alternate their oxygen requirements: they can use oxygen if it is present but they can also function in an anaerobic environment.
