Fungi (Tutorial #s 11 & 12)

Question 1

Absorptive nutrition

Answer 1

food sources are digested exernally then absorbed into the cell.

Question 2

hyphae

Answer 2

congregate to form mycelium

Question 3

mycelia

Answer 3

mass of hyphae that provides a large surface area that is ideal for absorptive nutrition

Question 4

How can fungi reproduce?

Answer 4

Both sexually and asexually

Question 5

For fungi that can reproduce both sexually and asexually, what state are they usually in?

Answer 5

The haploid state

Question 6

heterokaryotic

Answer 6

when multiple haploid nuclei exist within the same cell

Question 7

dikaryotic

Answer 7

when two haploid nuclei exist within the same cell

Question 8

plasmogamy

Answer 8

the fusion of the cell membrane

Question 9

karyogamy

Answer 9

the fusion of two haploid nuclei resulting in one diploid nuclei

Question 10

saprobes

Answer 10

decomposers of dead organic material

Question 11

mycorrhizae

Answer 11

in symbiosis between plant roots and fungal hyphae (provide the plants with water and minerals)

Question 12

spores

Answer 12

reproductive units that are usually unicellular and are resistant to harsh conditions

Question 13

microsporidians

Answer 13

intracellular parasites that are usually unicellular and mainly affect invertebrates (insects); they have mitosomes instead of mitochondria and do not have any means of locomotion.

Question 14

chytrids

Answer 14

• “water fungi”
• the most primitive (basic) fungi
• saprobes
• unicellular
• posess flagellated pores

Question 15

zygomycetes

Answer 15

saprobes that exist on soil, plant decay, and animal poop. most common bread molds are also zygomycetes

Question 16

lichen

Answer 16

symbiotic organism comprised of two fungal partners and one photosynthetic partner

Question 17

glomeromycete

Answer 17

characterized by a distinct branching form of mycorrhizae called arbuscular mycorrhizae

Question 18

haustorium

Answer 18

specialized structure of fungal plant parasites that are used to invade hosts tissue and absorb the cellular components of their hosts

Question 19

Ascocarp

Answer 19

The macroscopic fruiting body of an ascomycete fungus

Question 20

Ascomycetes

Answer 20

Called “sac fungi” due to their sac like structure for spore development

Question 21

ascospore

Answer 21

sexual spores produced my ascomycete fungi. They are encased in an ascus as a group of four to eight .

Question 22

Ascus (Asci)

Answer 22

A microscopic sac-like structure that contains four to eight ascospores

Question 23

Basidiocarp

Answer 23

The conspicuous bruiting body of a basidiomycete

Question 24

Basidiomycetes

Answer 24

A member of the fungal phylum Basidiomycota. Commonly called “club fungi” due to the appearance of the cells with sexual spores resembling a small club. Also called “gilled fungus” due to the presence of gills.

Question 25

Basidiospore

Answer 25

A sexual spore produced by a basidiomycete

Question 26

Basidium (basidia)

Answer 26

a cell that bears the sexual spores of basidiomycete

Question 27

Model organism

Answer 27

non-human species that has been widely studied, usually because it is easy to maintain, reproduces quickly, breeds rapidly in a laboratory setting, and has particular experimental advantages.

Question 28

Mycotoxin

Answer 28

A toxic metabolite produced by a fungus

Question 29

Yeasts

Answer 29

single-celled fungi that lack hyphae