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MB prep: Biochemistry. > Nutritional Biochemistry > Flashcards

Nutritional Biochemistry Flashcards

1
Q

what phytochemical is red?

A

lycopene

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2
Q

what can you find lycopene from

A

Tomato (products: juice, paste, soup)

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3
Q

what phytochemicals are red-purple

A

anthocyanines and polyphenols

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4
Q

what can you obtain anthocyanines and polyphenols from

A

grapes, berries, rred wine, blueberries, rasberries

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5
Q

what phytochemical is orange

A

alpha and beta- carotene

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6
Q

what can you obtain alpha and beta- carotene from?

A

carrots, mango, pumpkin

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7
Q

what can you obtain allyl sulfides from

A

onions, chives, garlic, leeks

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8
Q

what color is the allyl sulfide phytochemical

A

white-green

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9
Q

what phytochemical is orange-yellow

A

beta-cryptoxanthine and flavonoids

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10
Q

from where is the beta-cryptoxanthine and flavonoids obtained

A

orange, peaches, tangerine, papaya, cantaloupe

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11
Q

what phytochemicals are yellow-green

A

Lutein and zeaxanthin

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12
Q

what can lutein and zeaxanthin be obtained from

A

spinach, avocado, melon, honeydew

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13
Q

what are the green phytochemicals

A

glucosinolates and indoles

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14
Q

what are the glucosinolates and indoles obtained from

A

broccoli, bok choy, kale

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15
Q

what are the white-green phytochemicals

A

allyl sulphides

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16
Q

lycopenes are what color

A

red

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17
Q

anthocyanines and polyphenols are what color

A

red-purple

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18
Q

alpha and beta carotenes are what color

A

orange

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19
Q

beta- cryptoxanthine and flavonoids are what color

A

orange-yellow

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20
Q

lutein and zeaxanthine are what color

A

yellow-green

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21
Q

glucosinolates and indoles are what color

A

green

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22
Q

allyl sulphides are what color

A

white-green

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23
Q

function of allyl sulphides?

A

-antioxidant
-antibacterial
-blood purifier
-anti-neoplastic

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24
Q

functions of Indoles

A

-immune modulators
-anti-oxidants

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25
functions of isothiocyanates
-immune modulators -anti-oxidants
26
function of lignans
anti-oxidant
27
function of liminoids
-anti-oxidants -anti-tumurogenic -anti-inflammatory factor
28
function of carotenoids
-anti-oxidants -immune modulator
29
function of curcumins
-anti-carcinogenic -anti-inflammatory -anti-oxidant -anti-bacterial -wound healing
30
function of flavonoids
-anti-carcinogenic -anti-oxidant -anti-inflammatory -enhances vitamin C
31
functions of gingerols
-inhibit COX-2 expression -relieves throat pain and cough
32
functions of phenolic acids
-anti-carcinogenic -anti-mutagenic -COX-1 inhibitor
33
function of lycopene
anti-oxidant
34
function of isoflavone
-anti-carcinogenic -decrease LDL
35
function of isoprenoids
suppress tumor growth
36
function of saponins
anti-tumurogenic
37
function of terpenes
-anti-carcinogenic -anti-oxidant -anti-tumurogenic
38
functions of caffeine
-anti-tumurogenic -anti-carcinogenic -anti-angiogenic
39
where could you find isoprenoids
legumes and grains
40
where could you find saponins
beans and herbs
41
where do you find isoflavones
soybeans, tofu
42
where do you find terpenes
cherries, citrus and herbs
43
where would you find tumeric
curcumins
44
where will you find gingerols
ginger
45
where will you find phenolic acids
berries, grapes and nuts
46
where would you find lignans
soybean, flax seed
47
where would you find liminoids
citrus
48
vitamin B1 is also called
thiamin
49
vitamin B3 is also called
niacin, nicotinic acid
50
vitamin B5 is also called
pantothenic acid
51
vitamin B6 is also called
pyridoxine or pyridoxal
52
vitamin b7 is also called
biotin
53
vitamin b9 is also called
folic acid
54
vitamin b12 is also called
cobalamin
55
deficiency of vitamin B1 reflects as
peripheral nerve damage (polyneuritis beriberi)
56
deficiency of vitamin B2 reflects as
lesions of the corner of the mouth, lips, tongue, seborrheic dermatitis
57
deficiency of vitamin b3 reflects as
pellagra, diarrhea, dementia, weakness
58
deficiency of vitamin b5 reflects as
numbness in the toes, burning sensation in the feet [parasthesia], defeat of mucus membrane of the internal organs, early greying, hairloss, skin disorders
59
deficiency of vitamin b6 reflects as
dermatitis of the nose, mouth and eyes mental confusion glossitis convulsions peripheral neuropathy
60
deficiency of vitamin b7 reflects as
seborrheic dermatitis anemia depression hairloss high blood cholestrol high sugar levels inflammation
61
deficiency of vitamin b9 reflects as
megaloblastic anemia (fatigue, anemia, memory issues)
62
deficiency of vitamin b12
b12 deficiency anemia fatigue depression low grade fever diarrhea neuropathic pain glossitis angular chelitis
63
deficiency of vitamin C
scurvy
64
vitamin A is also called
retinol
65
vitamin D is also called
calciferol
66
vitamin E is called
tocopherol
67
vitamin K is also called
phylloquinone
68
vitamin A deficiency would cause
vision impairment night blindness xerophthalmia
69
vitamin D deficiency would cause
rickets osteomalacia osteoectasia
70
vitamin D deficiency would cause
rickets osteomalacia osteoectasia
71
vitamin E deficiency would cause
a serious neurologic dysfunction
72
vitamin K deficiency woud cause
impaired blood clotting hemorrhagic disease osteoporosis coronary heart disease intestinal dysbacteriosis
73
what are the macro minerals
they are needed in more quantities than the trace minerals: sodium chlorine potassium calcium phosphorus magnesium sulphur
74
what are the microminerals
they are the trace minerals: iron zinc iodine selenium copper manganese fluoride chromium molybdenum
75
function of potassium
a systemic electrolyte used to regulate ATP with sodium. deficiency is hypokalemia
76
function of sodium
a systemic electrolyte used to regulate ATP with potassium. deficiency is hyponatremia
77
function of chlorine
to form HCl in the stomach and cellular pump functions. deficiency is hypochloremia
78
function of calcium
muscle function, bone building, formation of RBC, digestive system health. deficiency is hypocalcemia
79
function of phosphorus
component of bones (apatite), cells, energy processing, component of DNA and ATP. deficiency is hypophosphatemia
80
magnesium function?
processing of ATP and bones. deficiency is hypomagnesemia
81
function of iron
they are require for the formation of Hb. prevent anemia. deficiency is iron deficiency anemia
82
function of zinc
required for enzyme synthesis e.g liver alcohol dehydrogenase, carboxypeptidase. deficiency is zinc deficiency
83
manganese function
coenzyme in enzyme reactions, deficiency is manganese deficiency
84
function of copper
it is a component of redox enzymes. deficiency is copper deficiency.
85
function of iodine
synthesis of thyroid hormones. deficiency is goiter
86
function of chromium
glucose and lipid metabolism. deficiency is chromium deficiency
87
function of molybdenum
involved in the synthesis of xanthine oxidase, aldehyde oxidase, sulfite oxidase. deficiency is molybdenum deficiency
88
function of selenium
needed for the synthesis of antioxidant enzymes e.g glutathione oxidase. defiency is selenium deficiency
89
function of cobalt
it is required for synthesizing B12. defiency is cobalt defiency

MB prep: Biochemistry. (15 decks)

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