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MB prep: Biochemistry. > Nutritional Biochemistry > Flashcards

Nutritional Biochemistry Flashcards

1
Q

what phytochemical is red?

A

lycopene

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2
Q

what can you find lycopene from

A

Tomato (products: juice, paste, soup)

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3
Q

what phytochemicals are red-purple

A

anthocyanines and polyphenols

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4
Q

what can you obtain anthocyanines and polyphenols from

A

grapes, berries, rred wine, blueberries, rasberries

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5
Q

what phytochemical is orange

A

alpha and beta- carotene

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6
Q

what can you obtain alpha and beta- carotene from?

A

carrots, mango, pumpkin

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7
Q

what can you obtain allyl sulfides from

A

onions, chives, garlic, leeks

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8
Q

what color is the allyl sulfide phytochemical

A

white-green

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9
Q

what phytochemical is orange-yellow

A

beta-cryptoxanthine and flavonoids

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10
Q

from where is the beta-cryptoxanthine and flavonoids obtained

A

orange, peaches, tangerine, papaya, cantaloupe

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11
Q

what phytochemicals are yellow-green

A

Lutein and zeaxanthin

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12
Q

what can lutein and zeaxanthin be obtained from

A

spinach, avocado, melon, honeydew

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13
Q

what are the green phytochemicals

A

glucosinolates and indoles

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14
Q

what are the glucosinolates and indoles obtained from

A

broccoli, bok choy, kale

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15
Q

what are the white-green phytochemicals

A

allyl sulphides

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16
Q

lycopenes are what color

A

red

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17
Q

anthocyanines and polyphenols are what color

A

red-purple

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18
Q

alpha and beta carotenes are what color

A

orange

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19
Q

beta- cryptoxanthine and flavonoids are what color

A

orange-yellow

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20
Q

lutein and zeaxanthine are what color

A

yellow-green

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21
Q

glucosinolates and indoles are what color

A

green

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22
Q

allyl sulphides are what color

A

white-green

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23
Q

function of allyl sulphides?

A

-antioxidant
-antibacterial
-blood purifier
-anti-neoplastic

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24
Q

functions of Indoles

A

-immune modulators
-anti-oxidants

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25
Q

functions of isothiocyanates

A

-immune modulators
-anti-oxidants

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26
Q

function of lignans

A

anti-oxidant

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27
Q

function of liminoids

A

-anti-oxidants
-anti-tumurogenic
-anti-inflammatory factor

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28
Q

function of carotenoids

A

-anti-oxidants
-immune modulator

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29
Q

function of curcumins

A

-anti-carcinogenic
-anti-inflammatory
-anti-oxidant
-anti-bacterial
-wound healing

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30
Q

function of flavonoids

A

-anti-carcinogenic
-anti-oxidant
-anti-inflammatory
-enhances vitamin C

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31
Q

functions of gingerols

A

-inhibit COX-2 <which> expression
-relieves throat pain and cough</which>

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32
Q

functions of phenolic acids

A

-anti-carcinogenic
-anti-mutagenic
-COX-1 inhibitor

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33
Q

function of lycopene

A

anti-oxidant

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34
Q

function of isoflavone

A

-anti-carcinogenic
-decrease LDL

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35
Q

function of isoprenoids

A

suppress tumor growth

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36
Q

function of saponins

A

anti-tumurogenic

37
Q

function of terpenes

A

-anti-carcinogenic
-anti-oxidant
-anti-tumurogenic

38
Q

functions of caffeine

A

-anti-tumurogenic
-anti-carcinogenic
-anti-angiogenic

39
Q

where could you find isoprenoids

A

legumes and grains

40
Q

where could you find saponins

A

beans and herbs

41
Q

where do you find isoflavones

A

soybeans, tofu

42
Q

where do you find terpenes

A

cherries, citrus and herbs

43
Q

where would you find tumeric

A

curcumins

44
Q

where will you find gingerols

A

ginger

45
Q

where will you find phenolic acids

A

berries, grapes and nuts

46
Q

where would you find lignans

A

soybean, flax seed

47
Q

where would you find liminoids

A

citrus

48
Q

vitamin B1 is also called

A

thiamin

49
Q

vitamin B3 is also called

A

niacin, nicotinic acid

50
Q

vitamin B5 is also called

A

pantothenic acid

51
Q

vitamin B6 is also called

A

pyridoxine or pyridoxal

52
Q

vitamin b7 is also called

A

biotin

53
Q

vitamin b9 is also called

A

folic acid

54
Q

vitamin b12 is also called

A

cobalamin

55
Q

deficiency of vitamin B1 reflects as

A

peripheral nerve damage (polyneuritis beriberi)

56
Q

deficiency of vitamin B2 reflects as

A

lesions of the corner of the mouth, lips, tongue, seborrheic dermatitis

57
Q

deficiency of vitamin b3 reflects as

A

pellagra, diarrhea, dementia, weakness

58
Q

deficiency of vitamin b5 reflects as

A

numbness in the toes, burning sensation in the feet [parasthesia],
defeat of mucus membrane of the internal organs,
early greying,
hairloss,
skin disorders

59
Q

deficiency of vitamin b6 reflects as

A

dermatitis of the nose, mouth and eyes
mental confusion
glossitis
convulsions
peripheral neuropathy

60
Q

deficiency of vitamin b7 reflects as

A

seborrheic dermatitis
anemia
depression
hairloss
high blood cholestrol
high sugar levels
inflammation

61
Q

deficiency of vitamin b9 reflects as

A

megaloblastic anemia (fatigue, anemia, memory issues)

62
Q

deficiency of vitamin b12

A

b12 deficiency anemia
fatigue
depression
low grade fever
diarrhea
neuropathic pain
glossitis
angular chelitis

63
Q

deficiency of vitamin C

A

scurvy <general weakness, bleeding gums, loss of teeth, skin spots, fever, neuropathy, yellow skin>

64
Q

vitamin A is also called

A

retinol

65
Q

vitamin D is also called

A

calciferol

66
Q

vitamin E is called

A

tocopherol

67
Q

vitamin K is also called

A

phylloquinone

68
Q

vitamin A deficiency would cause

A

vision impairment
night blindness
xerophthalmia

69
Q

vitamin D deficiency would cause

A

rickets
osteomalacia
osteoectasia

70
Q

vitamin D deficiency would cause

A

rickets
osteomalacia
osteoectasia

71
Q

vitamin E deficiency would cause

A

a serious neurologic dysfunction

72
Q

vitamin K deficiency woud cause

A

impaired blood clotting
hemorrhagic disease
osteoporosis
coronary heart disease
intestinal dysbacteriosis

73
Q

what are the macro minerals

A

they are needed in more quantities than the trace minerals:
sodium
chlorine
potassium
calcium
phosphorus
magnesium
sulphur

74
Q

what are the microminerals

A

they are the trace minerals:
iron
zinc
iodine
selenium
copper
manganese
fluoride
chromium
molybdenum

75
Q

function of potassium

A

a systemic electrolyte used to regulate ATP with sodium.
deficiency is hypokalemia

76
Q

function of sodium

A

a systemic electrolyte used to regulate ATP with potassium. deficiency is hyponatremia

77
Q

function of chlorine

A

to form HCl in the stomach and cellular pump functions.
deficiency is hypochloremia

78
Q

function of calcium

A

muscle function, bone building, formation of RBC, digestive system health.
deficiency is hypocalcemia

79
Q

function of phosphorus

A

component of bones (apatite), cells, energy processing, component of DNA and ATP.
deficiency is hypophosphatemia

80
Q

magnesium function?

A

processing of ATP and bones.
deficiency is hypomagnesemia

81
Q

function of iron

A

they are require for the formation of Hb. prevent anemia.
deficiency is iron deficiency anemia

82
Q

function of zinc

A

required for enzyme synthesis e.g liver alcohol dehydrogenase, carboxypeptidase.
deficiency is zinc deficiency

83
Q

manganese function

A

coenzyme in enzyme reactions, deficiency is manganese deficiency

84
Q

function of copper

A

it is a component of redox enzymes. deficiency is copper deficiency.

85
Q

function of iodine

A

synthesis of thyroid hormones. deficiency is goiter

86
Q

function of chromium

A

glucose and lipid metabolism. deficiency is chromium deficiency

87
Q

function of molybdenum

A

involved in the synthesis of xanthine oxidase, aldehyde oxidase, sulfite oxidase.
deficiency is molybdenum deficiency

88
Q

function of selenium

A

needed for the synthesis of antioxidant enzymes e.g glutathione oxidase. defiency is selenium deficiency

89
Q

function of cobalt

A

it is required for synthesizing B12. defiency is cobalt defiency

MB prep: Biochemistry. (15 decks)

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