Nutritional Assessment in Disease Prevention Flashcards
What is coronary heart disease?
Includes several different diseases of the heart and blood vessels including: MI’s, stroke, atherosclerosis, PVD, etc.
What are the risk factors for coronary heart disease?
Smoking, age, hypertension, high cholesterol, high LDL cholesterol, low HDL cholesterol, and family history.
What is the optimal LDL cholesterol level?
Less than 100mg/dL
What is considered high LDL cholesterol?
160+ mg/dL
What are the nutrition-related recommendations for the Therapeutic Lifestyle Change diet?
Saturated fat : <7% total kcals
Polyunsaturated fat: up to 10% of total kcals
Monounsaturated fat: up to 20% of total kcals
Total fat: 25 to 35% of total kcals
Carbohydrate: 50-60% of total kcals
Fiber: 20-35 g/day
Protein: approximately 15% of kcals
Cholesterol: <200mg/day
Total calories: balance energy intake and expenditure to maintain healthy body weight/prevent weight gain
What can you recommend to a client/patient to help control their blood pressure?
Maintain a healthy body weight Lower dietary sodium intake Limit alcohol Get regular physical activity Diets high in potassium, calcium, and magnesium DASH Diet Regularly check their blood pressure
Name the 3 different types of diabetes
Type 1, Type 2, and Gestational diabetes
What are the diagnostic criteria for diabetes?
Diagnostic Criteria (3 different methods):
1) Presence of symptoms plus a casual (non-fasting) plasma glucose at or above 200 mg/dL
2) Fasting plasma glucose (FGP) at or above 126 mg/dL
(fasting=8 hours)
3) Oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) with a 2-hour plasma glucose at or above 200 mg/dL
What is Glycated Hemoglobin (also known as Hemoglobin A1C or Hgb A1C)?
It’s a blood test that reflects the blood glucose measurement over the past 8-12 weeks
What is metabolic syndrome?
Metabolic syndrome is group of risk factors that increases your risk for heart disease, diabetes, and stroke.
According to the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI), there are five conditions that act as risk factors for metabolic syndrome, what are they?
1) A Large Waistline
Having a large waistline means that you carry excess weight around your waist (abdominal obesity). This is also called having an “apple-shaped” figure. Your doctor will measure your waist to find out whether you have a large waistline. A waist measurement of 35 inches or more for women or 40 inches or more for men is a metabolic risk factor.
2) A High Triglyceride Level
Triglycerides are a type of fat found in the blood. A triglyceride level of 150 mg/dL or higher (or being on medicine to treat high triglycerides) is a metabolic risk factor.
3) A Low HDL Cholesterol Level
HDL cholesterol sometimes is called “good” cholesterol. This is because it helps remove cholesterol from your arteries. An HDL cholesterol level of less than 50 mg/dL for women and less than 40 mg/dL for men (or being on medicine to treat low HDL cholesterol) is a metabolic risk factor.
4) High Blood Pressure
A blood pressure of 130/85 mmHg or higher (or on medicine to treat high blood pressure) is a metabolic risk factor. If only one of your two blood pressure numbers is high, you’re still at risk for metabolic syndrome.
5) High Fasting Blood Sugar
A normal fasting blood sugar level is less than 100 mg/dL. A fasting blood sugar level between 100–125 mg/dL is considered prediabetes. A fasting blood sugar level of 126 mg/dL or higher is considered diabetes. A fasting blood sugar level of 100 mg/dL or higher (or being on medicine to treat high blood sugar) is a metabolic risk factor.
What are two main practices to help prevent osteoporosis?
Adequate daily intake of calcium (with vitamin D to increase absorption!) and weight-bearing activity.
What is pernicious anemia?
Pernicious anemia is a deficiency in the production of red blood cells through a lack of vitamin B12
What vitamin is likely indicated with someone who has microcytic red blood cells?
Iron deficiency
A high ferritin level could indicate what type(s) of anemia?
B12, pernicious, or anemia of chronic disease
