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GI Exam 1 > Nutritional Assessment > Flashcards

Nutritional Assessment Flashcards

1
Q

Energy in humans

A

50% is lost as heat

45% is stored as energy in the body as ATP and 5% is required to convert energy to heat

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2
Q

Define calorie

A

Amount of heat required to raise 1 g of water by 1 degree Celsius

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3
Q

1000 calories =

A

1 kcal

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4
Q

Water in adult males

A

50-60% of lean body mass

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5
Q

Macronutrients

A

Water
Carbs
Protein
Lipids

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6
Q

Micronutrients

A

Electrolytes
Vitamins
Trace Elements

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7
Q

Carbohydrates

A

Simple (mono adn disaccharides)
Complex (oligo and polysaccharides
Monosaccharides (glucose, fructose, galactose)

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8
Q

Glucose

A

Major source of fuel through glycolysis and oxidative phosphorylation

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9
Q

Carbohydrates

A

Disacchardies (sucrose and lactose)

Polysaccharides are storage forms of energy

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10
Q

Diet should be

A

60% starch, 30% sucrose and 10% lactose

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11
Q

**All carbs provide

A

3.4 kcal/g of energy

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12
Q

Proteins

A

Linear chains of amino acids
Function as enzymes, structures and function, stabilize blood, cell signaling and immune processes
2nd largest energy source to fat

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13
Q

***All proteins provide

A

4 kcal/g of energy

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14
Q

As metabolic rates rise,

A

more protein is converted to energy and lost for other function

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15
Q

Lipids

A

Liquid at room temp are called oils

Lipids exist as solids at room temp are called fats

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16
Q

Unsaturated fats

A

Avocados, nuts, vegetable oils (olive oil)

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17
Q

***Each gram of fat contain

A

9 kcal/g of energy

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18
Q

To prevent essential fatty acid deficiency any nutritional plan must contain

A

linoleic and alpha linolenic acid

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19
Q

Define Malnutrition

A

An acute, subacute or chronic state of nutrition, in which varying degrees of overnutrition or undernutrition with or without inflammatory activity have led to a change in body composition and diminished function

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20
Q

Types of malnutrition

A

Marasmus
Kwashiorkor
Mixed
Obesity

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21
Q

Define Marasmus

A
  • Prolonged inadequate intake or utilization of protein and calories
  • Weight loss > 10% of usual body weight
    Protein and fat wasting but proteins are preserved
22
Q

Define Kwashiorkor

A

Inadequate protein and micronutrient intake
Preserved fat tissue but depletion of proteins
Severe hypoalbuminemia and edema can be seen

23
Q

Define Mixed Marasmus/Kwashiorkor

A
  • Severe protein-calorie malnutrition
  • Temporal wasting (head looks like a skull)
    Reduced visceral and somatic proteins and lipids
  • Chronically ill, trauma, infxn and burns, immunocompromised or wound healing
24
Q

Obesity- Overnutrition

A

BMI greater than 25

25
Q

Define Nutrition Assessment

A

A comprehensive approach to diagnosing nutrition problems that uses a combination of the following: medical, nutrition and med history, physical exam, anthropometric measurements and lab data

26
Q

Nutrition Assessment Goals

A
  • ID of the presence of factors associated with increased risk
  • Determine of risk of malnutrition complication
  • Establishment of estimated nutrition needs
  • Establishment of baseline nutrition status
27
Q

Weight Guidelines

A

If they are >120% of their IBW use adjusted

If they are less than 120% of IBW use actual body weight

28
Q

Measure for marasmus:

A 
Muscle and fat wasting in temporal area
Loss of fat/muscle in shoulders
Loss of SC fat in hands
Tricep skin-fold thickness using a nutrition caliper
Mid-muscle circumference
29
Q

Factors that decrease albumin

A 
Overhydration
Edema
Kidney dysfunction 
Poor dietary intake
Burns
Cirrhosis
Trauma
Sepsis
30
Q

Factors that increase albumin

A

Volume depletion
Steroids
Insulin

31
Q

Factors that decrease transferrin

A

Chronic infection, cirrhosis, burns, cortisone, testosterone

32
Q

Factors that increase transferrin

A 
Iron deficiency
Pregnancy
Hypoxia
Chronic blood loss
Estrogens
33
Q

Transferrin Normal

A

250-300

Half life: 8-9

34
Q

Albumin Normal

A

3.5-5

Half-life 18-20

35
Q

Factors that decrease prealbumin

A 
Cirrhosis
Hepatitis
Stress
Hyperthyroidism
CF
Burns
36
Q

Factors that increase prealbumin

A

Kidney dysfunction

37
Q

Prealbumin normal

A

15-40

Halflife 2-3 days

38
Q

Factors that decrease total lymphocyte count

A

Severe malnutrition wiht loss of immune function
HIV
TB

39
Q

Factors that increase total lymphocyte count

A

Volume depletion

40
Q

Total lymphocyte count normal

A

> 1500

41
Q

TLC =

A

WBC X % Lymphocytes

42
Q

Estimating energy requirements:

A

Think about physical stress not emotional

43
Q

Indirect Calorimetry

A

RQ less than 0.7 = underfed

RQ > 1 = overfed

44
Q

Urinary Nitrogen Excretion

A

Used to monitor protein adequacy

Measures 85-90% of total nitrogen excretion from the body

45
Q

Other losses of nitrogen other than urinary?

A

Skin, fecal and respiratory

46
Q

1 g nitrogen =

A

6.25 g protein

47
Q

Adequate intake of alpha-linolenic acid for men and women

A

M: 1.6 g/day
W: 1.1 g/day

48
Q

Adequate intake of linolenic acid for men and women

A

M: 14-17 g/day
W: 12 g/day

49
Q

Fat should represent no more than

A

10-35% of calories

50
Q

Calculating Energy and Protein Requirements

A

Determine weight
Estimate caloric requirements based on stress
Estimate protein requirement based on stress
Follow-up measurement to verify adequate energy and protein to avoid catabolism of proteins

GI Exam 1 (8 decks)

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