Nutrition Unit Test Review

Question 1

What is a nutrient?

Answer 1

The substances in food that your body needs.

Question 2

List the 6 nutrient categories?

Answer 2

Carbohydrates, Protein, Fats, Vitamins, Minerals, Water

Question 3

Explain what fats do for the body, and list a food that is rich in that nutrient?

Answer 3

They store energy, insulate us and protect our vital organs. They act as messengers, helping proteins do their jobs. They also start chemical reactions that help control growth, immune function, reproduction and other aspects of basic metabolism.
Avocados and Nuts are rich in fats.

Question 4

Explain what proteins do for the body and list a food rich in protein.

Answer 4

Protein is an important component of every cell in the body. Hair and nails are mostly made of protein. Your body uses protein to build and repair tissues. You also use protein to make enzymes, hormones, and other body chemicals.
Chicken, eggs, and steak are all high in protein.

Question 5

Explain what carbohydrates do for the body. List a food rich in carbs.

Answer 5

-Providing energy and regulation of blood glucose
-Used for energy
-Breakdown of fatty acids
-Provides fiber
-Has flavor and sweetens
Dietary fiberFoods rich in carbs: Tortillas, bread, rice, grapes.

Question 6

Explain what vitamins do for the body and name some foods rich in vitamins.

Answer 6

Basically, your body needs vitamins in order to work properly, and it needs different vitamins to help perform specific activities like produce energy, protect cells from damage, guide mineral utilization, and regulate cell and tissue growth. If your body doesn’t get enough of the vitamins it needs, it could lead to deficiencies and altered function that over time may foster illness development.
Oranges, Nuts, Meats and Breads.

Question 7

Minerals - what do they do for the body? Name a food rich in minerals?

Answer 7

minerals help your body grow, develop, and stay healthy. The body uses minerals to perform many different functions — from building strong bones to transmitting nerve impulses. Some minerals are even used to make hormones or maintain a normal heartbeat.
Roast Beef is rich in iron. Bananas are rich in potassium.

Question 8

What does water do for the body? Name a food rich in water?

Answer 8

It hydrates it, and is essential for all functions of the body. Drinking water also helps the skin do it’s job of regulating the body’s temperature through sweating. Feed your body. Water is essential for the proper circulation of nutrients in the body. Water serves at the body’s transportation system and when we are dehydrated things just can’t get around as well.
Melon, cucumbers, and many beverages (including water) are a good source of water.

Question 9

What % of your body is made up of water?

Answer 9

65% average for adult males, can vary from 50 to 75% for children.

Question 10

How does sugar affect our nutrition?

Answer 10

Sugar is high in non-nutritious calories but not all that filling. That makes it easy to over-consume them, and the excess calories can cause you to gain weight.

Question 11

How does fiber affect nutrition?

Answer 11

Fiber is found solely in plant foods and is largely indigestible, passing through the digestive tract intact. Therefore, it contains no calories but makes you feel full sooner and helps control overeating.

Question 12

How does sodium affect nutrition?

Answer 12

small amounts of salt on a daily basis is essential for the functioning of healthy cells.
Salt maintains the correct balance of certain fluids which bathe the cells in our bodies - essential for nerve and muscle function.
Too much salt can lead to increased blood pressure, osteoporosis - a bone-thinning disease, asthma, stomach cancer and weight gain.

Question 13

How does caffeine affect the body/nutrition?

Answer 13

Caffeine can cause your heart to pump faster and your breathing to quicken. You also may notice that caffeine makes you feel hyper. Caffeine can boost a person’s energy temporarily, but a lot of caffeine can also cause other, not-so-great effects: make you nervous, interrupt sound sleep, and cause stomach ache, headache, and racing heartbeat.

Question 14

Define what a calorie is?

Answer 14

(symbol: Cal) is approximately the amount of energy needed to raise the temperature of one kilogram of water by one degree Celsius.

Question 15

What is an empty calorie?

Answer 15

Empty Calories are the calories from solid fats and added sugars in foods and beverages. They add to total calories, but provide no vitamins or minerals.

Question 16

What is the acid called that is found in protein that builds our body’s structure?

Answer 16

Amino acids.

Question 17

What nutrient is the body’s main source of energy?

Answer 17

Carbohydrates.
Carbohydrates are the main energy source for the brain. Without carbohydrates, the body could not function properly. Sources include fruits, breads and grains, starchy vegetables and sugars

Question 18

What is a “complete protein”? What food sources do they come from?

Answer 18

A source of protein that contains all nine of the essential amino acids necessary for the dietary needs of humans or other animals.
Example: Steak or chicken. Dairy and eggs can provide them, too.

Question 19

Give 2 examples of incomplete proteins that can be combined together to make a complete protein?

Answer 19

Sources of protein that do not have all 9 of the essential amino acids needed by humans (that they can’t make in their bodies).
Examples: Nuts and beans.
Combining Peanut Butter with whole wheat bread can make a complete protein.
Rice and beans can make a complete protein.

Question 20

What is the difference between saturated and unsaturated fat?

Answer 20

Saturated fats are solid at room temperature, while unsaturated fats are liquid at room temperature. This is because saturated and unsaturated fats differ in their chemical structures

Question 21

Explain how ingredients are listed on a nutrition label?

Answer 21

In order of highest quantity of ingredient to lowest quantity.

Question 22

List two things important to look for on a food label?

Answer 22

The number of calories – so you don’t eat too many, and the quantity or percentage of nutrients, vitamins and minerals that you are getting from it – so you can maximize your nutrition.

Question 23

What is dehydration?

Answer 23

Dehydration occurs when the amount water taken in is less than the water output by the body through sweat, urination, breathing, and pooping.