Nutrition Unit 3: Lipids

Question 1

List 6 functions of lipids.

Answer 1

• Energy Reserve
• Padding
• Insulation
• Raw materials
• Energy stores
• Energy fuel

Question 2

The chief form of fats in foods and the main storage form of fat in the body is:

Answer 2

Triglycerides/Fatty Acids

Question 3

What is the structure of a triglyceride (TG)?

Answer 3

Carbohydrate Derivative+ Fatty Acid

Question 4

What chemical reaction puts TGs together?

Answer 4

Condensation/Dehydration

Question 5

What chemical reaction breaks TGs apart?

Answer 5

Hydrolysis

Question 6

What is a saturated fatty acid?

Answer 6

There are no double bonds of carbon.

Question 7

Is a saturated fat hard or liquid at room temperature?

Answer 7

Hard

Question 8

What is an unsaturated fatty acid?

Answer 8

One or more double bonds of carbon.

Question 9

Is an unsaturated fat hard or liquid at room temperature?

Answer 9

Liquid

Question 10

What is a monounsaturated fat?

Answer 10

A fatty acid containing one point of unsaturation or one double bond.

Question 11

What is a polyunsaturated fat?

Answer 11

Two or more double bonds.

Question 12

What are the functions of essential fatty acids?

Answer 12

• Part of the cell membrane, nerves, and brain.
• Serves as raw materials.
• Essential for normal growth and vision in children.

Question 13

In addition to linolenic acid, what are two (2) other sources of omega-3 fatty acids (FAs)?

Answer 13

• EPA

- DHA

Question 14

What are three (3) benefits of fish oil in relation to heart disease?

Answer 14

• Thins blood
• Brings down inflammation
• Brings down TGs
• Promotes regular heart beat

Question 15

How much fish/seafood is recommended per week?

Answer 15

8-12 oz per week.

Question 16

Why is fish, but not fish oil supplements, the preferred source of omega-3 fatty acids?

Answer 16

• Increases bleeding
• Delays wound healing
• Raises LDL cholesterol
• Suppresses Immune function

Question 17

List food sources of saturated fat:

Answer 17

• Coconut Oil
• Butter
• Beef fat
• Palm Oil
• Lard
• Chicken Fat

Question 18

List food sources of monosaturated fat:

Answer 18

• Avocado Oil
• Olive Oil
• Canola Oil
• Peanut Oil

Question 19

List food sources of polyunsaturates, and oh those listed, which are sources of omega-3 fatty acids (FA’s)?

Answer 19

• Safflower Oil
• Sunflower Oil
• Corn Oil
• Soybean Oil
• Walnut Oil

/Flax-seed Oil
/ Fish-oil

Question 20

What are the two (2) functions of phospholipids?

Answer 20

• Emulsifier

- Keeps fat dispersed in water

Question 21

Where is bile made and what is it used for?

Answer 21

Liver

Question 22

Cholesterol is an example of what type of lipid?

Answer 22

Sterol

Question 23

Cholesterol is part of what in the body and what is it used for?

Answer 23

Cell membrane. It is used make bile, hormones estrogen and testosterone, and vitamin D.

Question 24

Is cholesterol essential?

Answer 24

No

Question 25

What are food sources of cholesterol?

Answer 25

Poultry- Skin/ Yolk

Question 26

Lipoproteins carry lipids in the blood and the lymph. | Which lipoproteins carries TGs from the intestines to the tissues?

Answer 26

Chylomicrons

Question 27

Lipoproteins carry lipids in the blood and the lymph. | Which lipoprotein carries TGs and other lipids made in the liver to the various tissues in the body?

Answer 27

Very-low density lipoprotein (VLDL)

Question 28

Lipoproteins carry lipids in the blood and the lymph. | Which lipoprotein transports cholesterol from the liver to other tissues such as muscle and fat?

Answer 28

Low density lipoproteins (LDL) You want low levels

Question 29

Lipoproteins carry lipids in the blood and the lymph. | Whcih lipoprotein carries cholesterol from body cells and arteries to the liver for dismantling and disposal?

Answer 29

High density lipoproteins (HDL) You want high levels

Question 30

How do you use more energy from fat and, thus, decrease fat stored in the body?

Answer 30

Increase energy/ decrease food

Question 31

What is a trans fatty acid?

Answer 31

``` Fatty Acids (FAs) with unusual shapes. Can arise when hydrogens are added to unsaturated fatty acids. ```

Question 32

What are the terms used on food labels to indicate there are trans fats in a food?

Answer 32

Partially hydro-generated or hydrogenated.

Question 33

What does fully hydrogenated mean?

Answer 33

Indicates that the fat is saturated.

Question 34

What foods may have trans fats in them?

Answer 34

- Coffee Creamers - Margarine - Desserts - Frozen pizza - Microwave popcorn

Question 35

What are the three (3) negative health effects of trans fat?

Answer 35

- Raised LDL Cholesterol (that increases cardiovascular disease. - Lowers HDL Cholesterol - Increases inflammation- resistance.

Question 36

Which lipids have the greatest potential to elevate blood LDL cholesterol?

Answer 36

Saturated/Trans fats

Question 37

What is the DRI for total fat?

Answer 37

2--35g.

Question 38

What is the American Heart Association's recommendation for saturated fat?

Answer 38

No more than 5%-6% of total calories.

Question 39

What is the Dietary Guidelines recommendation for saturated fat?

Answer 39

Less than 10%.

Question 40

What is the American Heart Association's recommendation for trans fats?

Answer 40

Avoid them.

Question 41

Every serving of added fat has how many grams?

Answer 41

5 g.

Question 42

Which foods from animals are a source of saturated fat and cholesterol?

Answer 42

- Poultry Skin - Beef Fat - Milk, Yogurt, Cheese

Question 43

Which cuts of meat are lean cuts or low in fat?

Answer 43

Lean

Question 44

Are plain grains, fruits, and vegetable naturally low in fat?

Answer 44

Yes, they are.