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NUTRITION FLCC > Nutrition Unit 3: Lipids > Flashcards

Nutrition Unit 3: Lipids Flashcards

1
Q

List 6 functions of lipids.

A
  • Energy Reserve
  • Padding
  • Insulation
  • Raw materials
  • Energy stores
  • Energy fuel
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2
Q

The chief form of fats in foods and the main storage form of fat in the body is:

A

Triglycerides/Fatty Acids

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3
Q

What is the structure of a triglyceride (TG)?

A

Carbohydrate Derivative+ Fatty Acid

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4
Q

What chemical reaction puts TGs together?

A

Condensation/Dehydration

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5
Q

What chemical reaction breaks TGs apart?

A

Hydrolysis

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6
Q

What is a saturated fatty acid?

A

There are no double bonds of carbon.

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7
Q

Is a saturated fat hard or liquid at room temperature?

A

Hard

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8
Q

What is an unsaturated fatty acid?

A

One or more double bonds of carbon.

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9
Q

Is an unsaturated fat hard or liquid at room temperature?

A

Liquid

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10
Q

What is a monounsaturated fat?

A

A fatty acid containing one point of unsaturation or one double bond.

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11
Q

What is a polyunsaturated fat?

A

Two or more double bonds.

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12
Q

What are the functions of essential fatty acids?

A
  • Part of the cell membrane, nerves, and brain.
  • Serves as raw materials.
  • Essential for normal growth and vision in children.
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13
Q

In addition to linolenic acid, what are two (2) other sources of omega-3 fatty acids (FAs)?

A
  • EPA

- DHA

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14
Q

What are three (3) benefits of fish oil in relation to heart disease?

A
  • Thins blood
  • Brings down inflammation
  • Brings down TGs
  • Promotes regular heart beat
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15
Q

How much fish/seafood is recommended per week?

A

8-12 oz per week.

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16
Q

Why is fish, but not fish oil supplements, the preferred source of omega-3 fatty acids?

A
  • Increases bleeding
  • Delays wound healing
  • Raises LDL cholesterol
  • Suppresses Immune function
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17
Q

List food sources of saturated fat:

A
  • Coconut Oil
  • Butter
  • Beef fat
  • Palm Oil
  • Lard
  • Chicken Fat
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18
Q

List food sources of monosaturated fat:

A
  • Avocado Oil
  • Olive Oil
  • Canola Oil
  • Peanut Oil
19
Q

List food sources of polyunsaturates, and oh those listed, which are sources of omega-3 fatty acids (FA’s)?

A
  • Safflower Oil
  • Sunflower Oil
  • Corn Oil
  • Soybean Oil
  • Walnut Oil

/Flax-seed Oil
/ Fish-oil

20
Q

What are the two (2) functions of phospholipids?

A
  • Emulsifier

- Keeps fat dispersed in water

21
Q

Where is bile made and what is it used for?

A

Liver

22
Q

Cholesterol is an example of what type of lipid?

A

Sterol

23
Q

Cholesterol is part of what in the body and what is it used for?

A

Cell membrane. It is used make bile, hormones estrogen and testosterone, and vitamin D.

24
Q

Is cholesterol essential?

A

No

25
Q

What are food sources of cholesterol?

A

Poultry- Skin/ Yolk

26
Q

Lipoproteins carry lipids in the blood and the lymph.

Which lipoproteins carries TGs from the intestines to the tissues?

A

Chylomicrons

27
Q

Lipoproteins carry lipids in the blood and the lymph.

Which lipoprotein carries TGs and other lipids made in the liver to the various tissues in the body?

A

Very-low density lipoprotein (VLDL)

28
Q

Lipoproteins carry lipids in the blood and the lymph.

Which lipoprotein transports cholesterol from the liver to other tissues such as muscle and fat?

A

Low density lipoproteins (LDL) You want low levels

29
Q

Lipoproteins carry lipids in the blood and the lymph.

Whcih lipoprotein carries cholesterol from body cells and arteries to the liver for dismantling and disposal?

A

High density lipoproteins (HDL) You want high levels

30
Q

How do you use more energy from fat and, thus, decrease fat stored in the body?

A

Increase energy/ decrease food

31
Q

What is a trans fatty acid?

A 
Fatty Acids (FAs) with unusual shapes. 
Can arise when hydrogens are added to unsaturated fatty acids.
32
Q

What are the terms used on food labels to indicate there are trans fats in a food?

A

Partially hydro-generated or hydrogenated.

33
Q

What does fully hydrogenated mean?

A

Indicates that the fat is saturated.

34
Q

What foods may have trans fats in them?

A
  • Coffee Creamers
  • Margarine
  • Desserts
  • Frozen pizza
  • Microwave popcorn
35
Q

What are the three (3) negative health effects of trans fat?

A
  • Raised LDL Cholesterol (that increases cardiovascular
    disease.
  • Lowers HDL Cholesterol
  • Increases inflammation- resistance.
36
Q

Which lipids have the greatest potential to elevate blood LDL cholesterol?

A

Saturated/Trans fats

37
Q

What is the DRI for total fat?

A

2–35g.

38
Q

What is the American Heart Association’s recommendation for saturated fat?

A

No more than 5%-6% of total calories.

39
Q

What is the Dietary Guidelines recommendation for saturated fat?

A

Less than 10%.

40
Q

What is the American Heart Association’s recommendation for trans fats?

A

Avoid them.

41
Q

Every serving of added fat has how many grams?

A

5 g.

42
Q

Which foods from animals are a source of saturated fat and cholesterol?

A
  • Poultry Skin
  • Beef Fat
  • Milk, Yogurt, Cheese
43
Q

Which cuts of meat are lean cuts or low in fat?

A

Lean

44
Q

Are plain grains, fruits, and vegetable naturally low in fat?

A

Yes, they are.

NUTRITION FLCC (4 decks)

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