Nutrition Unit 1 Flashcards by John De Maso

What does the term “organic” mean?

Contains carbon

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Food energy is measured in what units?

Kilo-calories or Calories

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Ultimately, all of our energy comes from what?

All energy comes from the sun.

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What does essential mean?

It cannot be made by your body.

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How many classes of nutrients are there?

6 classes.

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Which nutrients are organic and which are not organic?

Organic: Carbohydrates, Lipids, Proteins, Vitamins

Not Organic: Water and Minerals

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Which nutrients are energy yielding, and how much energy does each provide per gram?

Energy yielding: Carbohydrates (4), Fat (9), Protein (4)

None Energy Yielding: Water, Vitamins, Minerals

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Alcohol has how many calories per gram?

7 kcal

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Do vitamins and minerals give you energy?

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Know how to figure the calories in a food.

A x gm=

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Why is good nutrition needed?

To prevent malnutrition and to aid against chronic diseases.

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What is malnutrition?

Excess or deficient food energy or nutrient intake or nutrient imbalance.

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What is a degenerative disease and what are some examples?

Chronic diseases: Heart disease, Cancer, Diabetes, and Osteoporosis.

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Which chronic diseases are nutrition related and are also the leading causes of death in the U.S. ?

Heart Disease, Cancer, Stroke, and Diabetes.

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What are the benefits of physical activity?

Mental function, Wound Healing, Reduced Diseases, Sound Sleep

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Why is it recommended to consume food over multivitamin/mineral supplements or meal re-placers?

They do not promote growth.

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What are enriched/fortified foods? Are they more nutritious than whole basic foods?

Foods where nutrients have been added/ it depends on what was added.

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What is an example of a food that is both fortified and functional?

Milk or Whole Grain.

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What is a benefit of consuming phytochemicals?

Protection from oxidation; Disease prevention.

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Cheese food, cereals, canned foods are examples of what type of food?

Processed Food.

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Rice in Asia and potatoes in Ireland are examples of what types of food?

Staple foods.

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Define nutrient density and give an example.

A measure of nutrients provided per calorie of food. Nutrient-dense food provides vitamins, minerals, etc., with relative few calories.

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Short Answer: Be able to list three (3) factors that influence food choices.

Availability; Cost; Habit.

What is a reliable source of nutrition information?

Pub Med; A RDN ( Registered Dietitian Nutritionist); Food Labels.

Even if you are reading a reliable source of nutrition information, should you change your diet based on preliminary results?

No.

Which two (2) types of studies show the effects of treatment?

Intervention Study | Laboratory Study

Which type of research study deals with populations and correlations?

Epidemiological Study

Which type of study deals with individuals and apparent effects?

Case Study

A controlled clinical trial is what type of study? Which type of study uses animals and plants?

Intervention Study

Which types of studies (2) have an experimental and control group?

Intervention Study; Laboratory Study.

What is the difference between an experimental group and control group?

Experimental Group receives treatment, the Control Group remains untreated or receives placebo.

Short Answer: Be able to list the five (5) risk factors for heart diseases from the Framingham Heart Study.

High Blood Pressure, High Blood Cholesterol, Cigarette Smoking, Obesity and Physical Inactivity.

Short Answer: Be able to list and describe the 3 characteristics of good research design (see page 4 of your notes.)

Double-Blind Experiment Cross-Over Design Placebo-Controlled

The funding source of a research study can contribute to what?

It's outcome and bias.

Can you believe everything you read on the internet? What should you do?

No, you need to check for accuracy and validity.

What are the characteristics of a nutrition specialist and what organization are they registered with?

They must have earned at least a bachelors degree and are registed with the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics.

Does the use of the title "Nutritionist" guarantee that a person is qualified to provide nutrition education or counseling? What credentials should you look for?

No, the person should be licensed, certified as a RD or RDN.

What are some earmarks of nutrition quackery?

- Too good to be true. - Creates suspicions about the food supply. - Fake credentials. - Studies not referenced. - Motives: personal gain (profit paid to make the claim)

What are the two (2) branches of the DHHS?

- CDC (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention) | - FDA (Food and Drug Administration)

Which agency ensures the safety and wholesomeness of dietary supplements and foods, sets standards for food composition, and is responsible for food labeling?

FDA

What are the two (2) branches of the DHHS (Department of Health and Human Services) ?

- CDC (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention) | - FDA (Food and Drug Administration)

Which agency is responsible for monitoring the safety of meat and poultry and administers SNAP and WIC?

USDA (United States Department of Agriculture)

Which agency regulates pesticides and establishes water quality standards?

EPA (Environmental Protection Agency)

Who conducts the NHANES?

DHHS

What does NHANES stand for?

National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys

What is NHANES?

Population-based survey in the U.S. to collect health and nutrition information.

Who releases the Dietary Guidelines for Americans?

USDA and US Department of Health and Human Services

The Dietary Guidelines are for what age group?

Age 2 and older.

What food groups are included in a healthy meal pattern?

- Vegetables - Fruits - Grains - Diary - Protein - Oils

Should you increase or decrease refined grains? How many of your grains should be whole grains?

You should decrease refined grains. At least half should be whole grain.

One (1) serving of whole grains is how many grams?

16 grams

You should consume less than _____ of your calories per day from saturated fat.

10%

Trans fats are also called _____ fats and you should limit these by avoiding them or keeping them as low as possible.

Partially Hydrogenated Fats

Added sugars should be less than ____ of your calories per day.

10%

Sodium should be less than ____mg per day.

2300mg

For many of the USDA eating patterns, how many cups of milk or equivalent are there?

3 cups.