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Animal Care III > Nutrition review > Flashcards

Nutrition review Flashcards

1
Q

what is the first requirement met by diet?

A

energy

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2
Q

how is energy measured?

A

kilocalories

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3
Q

essential nutrients

A

components that can’t be created by the body so necessary to have in diet

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4
Q

nonessential nutrients

A

components that can be created by the body so they aren’t necessary to have in diet but can be good to include

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5
Q

which is the most important nutrient?

A

water

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6
Q

what percentage of body tissues is made up of water?

A

70-90%

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7
Q

what percentage of water loss leads to death?

A

10%

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8
Q

functions of water

A

transports nutrients (blood), transports waste (urine), temperature regulation (sweating), digestion, metabolic processes

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9
Q

what are carbohydrates composed of?

A

carbon, hydrogen, oxygen

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10
Q

what are the 3 structural classifications of carbohydrates?

A

monosaccharides, disaccharides, polysccharides

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11
Q

what are monosaccharides?

A

simple sugars
glucose, fructose, lactose

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12
Q

what are polysaccharides?

A

complex sugars
glycogen: breaks down into glucose
starch, dietary fiber

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13
Q

what is the main form of stored energy?

A

fat

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14
Q

what is the most common fat?

A

triglycerides
provide the most energy from fat

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15
Q

what do fats provide the body with?

A

essential fatty acids

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16
Q

functions of fats

A

energy, insulate/protect major organs, insulate body, nerve impulse transmission, digestion/vitamin absorption

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17
Q

what are proteins composed of?

A

carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen
some also have sulfur in them

18
Q

why is it best to fed high quality proteins?

A

you need less quantity of high quality proteins to keep body functioning

19
Q

how many different amino acids are there?

A

22

20
Q

what is the bond that holds amino acids together in proteins?

A

peptide links

21
Q

functions of proteins

A

nutrient digestion, carry nutrients/hormones through bloodstream, build muscle, tissue repair, metabolism/energy

22
Q

what are vitamins?

A

organic elements that can’t be made by the body

23
Q

what are the 2 types of vitamins?

A

fat soluble and water soluble

24
Q

fat soluble vitamins

A

digested/absorbed by fat, excreted through the feces, stored in the liver
A,D,E,K

25
Q

what is vitamin A responsible for?

A

vision, bone growth, epithelial tissue formation

26
Q

what is vitamin D responsible for?

A

bone tissue development
calcium absorption

27
Q

what is vitamin K responsible for?

A

blood clotting

28
Q

water soluble vitamins

A

digested/absorbed by water, excreted through urine, not stored in body
C, and B complex

29
Q

what is vitamin C responsible for?

A

bone formation/structure, collagen formation
dogs and cats can synthesize vitamin C from glucose

30
Q

what is vitamin B responsible for?

A

complex of 9 types
metabolism, cell maintenance, energy conservation

31
Q

what are minerals?

A

inorganic elements

32
Q

how much of body weight do minerals make up?

A

~ 4%

33
Q

functions of minerals

A

skeletal support, nerve transmission, muscle health, water balance

34
Q

examples of minerals

A

calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, iron, zinc
electrolytes: potassium, sodium, chloride

35
Q

potassium functions

A

muscle contraction, nerve impulses, heart muscle function

36
Q

sodium functions

A

muscle contraction, fluid balance, blood pressure control

37
Q

chloride functions

A

water balance, acid-base balance, digestion

38
Q

why do pets require a balanced diet?

A

to help young animals grow healthy, and then maintain health when mature

39
Q

nutrition

A

study of food and how the nutrients interact with each other

40
Q

what are the 6 nutrients?

A

water, fat, protein, carbohydrates, vitamins, minerals

Animal Care III (4 decks)

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