Nutrition review

Question 1

what is the first requirement met by diet?

Answer 1

energy

Question 2

how is energy measured?

Answer 2

kilocalories

Question 3

essential nutrients

Answer 3

components that can’t be created by the body so necessary to have in diet

Question 4

nonessential nutrients

Answer 4

components that can be created by the body so they aren’t necessary to have in diet but can be good to include

Question 5

which is the most important nutrient?

Answer 5

water

Question 6

what percentage of body tissues is made up of water?

Answer 6

70-90%

Question 7

what percentage of water loss leads to death?

Answer 7

10%

Question 8

functions of water

Answer 8

transports nutrients (blood), transports waste (urine), temperature regulation (sweating), digestion, metabolic processes

Question 9

what are carbohydrates composed of?

Answer 9

carbon, hydrogen, oxygen

Question 10

what are the 3 structural classifications of carbohydrates?

Answer 10

monosaccharides, disaccharides, polysccharides

Question 11

what are monosaccharides?

Answer 11

simple sugars
glucose, fructose, lactose

Question 12

what are polysaccharides?

Answer 12

complex sugars
glycogen: breaks down into glucose
starch, dietary fiber

Question 13

what is the main form of stored energy?

Answer 13

fat

Question 14

what is the most common fat?

Answer 14

triglycerides
provide the most energy from fat

Question 15

what do fats provide the body with?

Answer 15

essential fatty acids

Question 16

functions of fats

Answer 16

energy, insulate/protect major organs, insulate body, nerve impulse transmission, digestion/vitamin absorption

Question 17

what are proteins composed of?

Answer 17

carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen
some also have sulfur in them

Question 18

why is it best to fed high quality proteins?

Answer 18

you need less quantity of high quality proteins to keep body functioning

Question 19

how many different amino acids are there?

Answer 19

22

Question 20

what is the bond that holds amino acids together in proteins?

Answer 20

peptide links

Question 21

functions of proteins

Answer 21

nutrient digestion, carry nutrients/hormones through bloodstream, build muscle, tissue repair, metabolism/energy

Question 22

what are vitamins?

Answer 22

organic elements that can’t be made by the body

Question 23

what are the 2 types of vitamins?

Answer 23

fat soluble and water soluble

Question 24

fat soluble vitamins

Answer 24

digested/absorbed by fat, excreted through the feces, stored in the liver
A,D,E,K

Question 25

what is vitamin A responsible for?

Answer 25

vision, bone growth, epithelial tissue formation

Question 26

what is vitamin D responsible for?

Answer 26

bone tissue development calcium absorption

Question 27

what is vitamin K responsible for?

Answer 27

blood clotting

Question 28

water soluble vitamins

Answer 28

digested/absorbed by water, excreted through urine, not stored in body C, and B complex

Question 29

what is vitamin C responsible for?

Answer 29

bone formation/structure, collagen formation dogs and cats can synthesize vitamin C from glucose

Question 30

what is vitamin B responsible for?

Answer 30

complex of 9 types metabolism, cell maintenance, energy conservation

Question 31

what are minerals?

Answer 31

inorganic elements

Question 32

how much of body weight do minerals make up?

Answer 32

~ 4%

Question 33

functions of minerals

Answer 33

skeletal support, nerve transmission, muscle health, water balance

Question 34

examples of minerals

Answer 34

calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, iron, zinc electrolytes: potassium, sodium, chloride

Question 35

potassium functions

Answer 35

muscle contraction, nerve impulses, heart muscle function

Question 36

sodium functions

Answer 36

muscle contraction, fluid balance, blood pressure control

Question 37

chloride functions

Answer 37

water balance, acid-base balance, digestion

Question 38

why do pets require a balanced diet?

Answer 38

to help young animals grow healthy, and then maintain health when mature

Question 39

nutrition

Answer 39

study of food and how the nutrients interact with each other

Question 40

what are the 6 nutrients?

Answer 40

water, fat, protein, carbohydrates, vitamins, minerals