Nutrition Questions Flashcards
What are the nutrients that supply energy?
Macronutrients
- Carbs
- Protein
- Lipids
What are the nutrients that regulate body processes?
(micronutrients)
Vitamins
Minerals
Water
What is the ideal body weight for a female that is 5ft 6 inches?
100 pounds for 5 ft and 5 additional pounds for each additional inch so =130lbs
What is the ideal body weight for a male that is 5ft 6 inches
106 pounds for 5ft and 6 additional pounds of each additional inch so 142
What are the common types of carbohydrates?
Sugar and starches
What are the most abundant and least expensive source of calories in the world?
carbs
What are complete and incomplete proteins?
Labeled complete (high quality)
Incomplete (low quality) based on the amino acid composition
animal proteins are complete
plant proteins are incomplete
How much should the intake for Protein ?
10%-35% total calorie intake
RDA for adults is .8/kg of body weight
Most of the lipids in diet (95%) are what?
Triglycerides
Saturated and unsaturated fats are derived from what?
Most animal fats are saturated
Most vegetable fats are unsaturated
What do saturated fats do to cholesterol levels ?
raise cholesterol levels
what do unsaturated fats do to cholesterol level?
lower them
Where does most fat digestion occur?
largely in the small intestine
What is the most concentrated source of energy in the diet?
fats
What is the percentage of fat that should be in the diet ?
20% to 35%
What are the water soluble vitamins?
B and C
What are the fat soluble vitamins ?
A, D, E, and K
What are vitamins needed for?
needed for the metabolism of carbohydrates, fats, and proteins
How are vitamins absorbed?
absorbed through the intestinal wall directly into the blood stream
What are the the inorganic elements found in all body fluids and tissues ?
in the forms of salt (sodium chloride) or combined with organic compounds (iron in hemoglobin)
What are the roles of minerals?
Helps provide structure in the body or help regulate body processes
What are macro minerals?
calcium, phosphorus, sulfur, sodium, chloride, potassium, and magnesium
What are micro minerals?
Includes iron, since, manganese, and iodine
What is the BMI for obesity?
BMI greater or equal to 30
What are physiologic and physical factors affecting food habits?
stage of development, state of health, and medications
What are physical, sociocultural and psychosocial factors influencing food choices?
Economics, culture, religion, tradition, education, politics, social status, and food ideology
What are factors that increase nutritional needs?
basically growing up through infancy and adolescence
pregnancy
lactation increase nutritional needs
activity
When do nutritional needs level off?
Age related changes in metabolism and body composition
nutritional needs level off in adulthood and fewer calories required in adulthood because of decrease in BR
Jim is going through a fever. Does his need for calories or water increase or decrease?
fever increase the need for calories and water
Does nutrient requirement increase or decrease during the adaptive stages after stress?
yes
major surgery, trauma, burns, and crush injuries
What is the term for healthy body weight?
Ideal body weight
BMI
body mass index
ratio of weight in KD to height in meters
Basil metabolic rate
estimate of how many calories burn
What BMI is considered underweight?
BMI < 18.5
What BMI is considered is considered healthy weight?
BMI 18.5-24.9
What BMI is considered is considered overweight?
BMI 25-29.9
What BMI is considered obese?
BMI 30 or greater
What BMI is considered extremely obese?
BMI 40 or greater
What does BMI provide?
an estimate of relative risk for diseases such as heart disease, diabetes, and hypertension
Why is waist circumference important?
risk factor diseases
risk increases with 40> for men
35> for women
Factors increasing BMR
Growth
infections
fever
emotional tension
extreme environmental temperatures
elevated levels of certain hormones
Factors decreasing BMR
aging, prolonged fasting, and sleep
Enteral
Liquid diet that is nutritionally complete
required access direct into stomach or jejunum
Parenteral
intravenous diet of macronutrients
hypertonic nutrient solution (TPN)
isotonic nutrient solution(PPN): sterile
nutritionally complete
requires access: peripheral or central vein “PICC”
