Nutrition Questions

Question 1

What are the nutrients that supply energy?

Answer 1

Macronutrients

1. Carbs
2. Protein
3. Lipids

Question 2

What are the nutrients that regulate body processes?

Answer 2

(micronutrients)

Vitamins
Minerals
Water

Question 3

What is the ideal body weight for a female that is 5ft 6 inches?

Answer 3

100 pounds for 5 ft and 5 additional pounds for each additional inch so =130lbs

Question 4

What is the ideal body weight for a male that is 5ft 6 inches

Answer 4

106 pounds for 5ft and 6 additional pounds of each additional inch so 142

Question 5

What are the common types of carbohydrates?

Answer 5

Sugar and starches

Question 6

What are the most abundant and least expensive source of calories in the world?

Answer 6

carbs

Question 7

What are complete and incomplete proteins?

Answer 7

Labeled complete (high quality)

Incomplete (low quality) based on the amino acid composition

animal proteins are complete

plant proteins are incomplete

Question 8

How much should the intake for Protein ?

Answer 8

10%-35% total calorie intake

RDA for adults is .8/kg of body weight

Question 9

Most of the lipids in diet (95%) are what?

Answer 9

Triglycerides

Question 10

Saturated and unsaturated fats are derived from what?

Answer 10

Most animal fats are saturated

Most vegetable fats are unsaturated

Question 11

What do saturated fats do to cholesterol levels ?

Answer 11

raise cholesterol levels

Question 12

what do unsaturated fats do to cholesterol level?

Answer 12

lower them

Question 13

Where does most fat digestion occur?

Answer 13

largely in the small intestine

Question 14

What is the most concentrated source of energy in the diet?

Answer 14

fats

Question 15

What is the percentage of fat that should be in the diet ?

Answer 15

20% to 35%

Question 16

What are the water soluble vitamins?

Answer 16

B and C

Question 17

What are the fat soluble vitamins ?

Answer 17

A, D, E, and K

Question 18

What are vitamins needed for?

Answer 18

needed for the metabolism of carbohydrates, fats, and proteins

Question 19

How are vitamins absorbed?

Answer 19

absorbed through the intestinal wall directly into the blood stream

Question 20

What are the the inorganic elements found in all body fluids and tissues ?

Answer 20

in the forms of salt (sodium chloride) or combined with organic compounds (iron in hemoglobin)

Question 21

What are the roles of minerals?

Answer 21

Helps provide structure in the body or help regulate body processes

Question 22

What are macro minerals?

Answer 22

calcium, phosphorus, sulfur, sodium, chloride, potassium, and magnesium

Question 23

What are micro minerals?

Answer 23

Includes iron, since, manganese, and iodine

Question 24

What is the BMI for obesity?

Answer 24

BMI greater or equal to 30

Question 25

What are physiologic and physical factors affecting food habits?

Answer 25

stage of development, state of health, and medications

Question 26

What are physical, sociocultural and psychosocial factors influencing food choices?

Answer 26

Economics, culture, religion, tradition, education, politics, social status, and food ideology

Question 27

What are factors that increase nutritional needs?

Answer 27

basically growing up through infancy and adolescence

pregnancy

lactation increase nutritional needs

activity

Question 28

When do nutritional needs level off?

Answer 28

Age related changes in metabolism and body composition

nutritional needs level off in adulthood and fewer calories required in adulthood because of decrease in BR

Question 29

Jim is going through a fever. Does his need for calories or water increase or decrease?

Answer 29

fever increase the need for calories and water

Question 30

Does nutrient requirement increase or decrease during the adaptive stages after stress?

Answer 30

yes

major surgery, trauma, burns, and crush injuries

Question 31

What is the term for healthy body weight?

Answer 31

Ideal body weight

Question 32

BMI

Answer 32

body mass index

ratio of weight in KD to height in meters

Question 33

Basil metabolic rate

Answer 33

estimate of how many calories burn

Question 34

What BMI is considered underweight?

Answer 34

BMI < 18.5

Question 35

What BMI is considered is considered healthy weight?

Answer 35

BMI 18.5-24.9

Question 36

What BMI is considered is considered overweight?

Answer 36

BMI 25-29.9

Question 37

What BMI is considered obese?

Answer 37

BMI 30 or greater

Question 38

What BMI is considered extremely obese?

Answer 38

BMI 40 or greater

Question 39

What does BMI provide?

Answer 39

an estimate of relative risk for diseases such as heart disease, diabetes, and hypertension

Question 40

Why is waist circumference important?

Answer 40

risk factor diseases

risk increases with 40> for men

35> for women

Question 41

Factors increasing BMR

Answer 41

Growth
infections
fever
emotional tension

extreme environmental temperatures

elevated levels of certain hormones

Question 42

Factors decreasing BMR

Answer 42

aging, prolonged fasting, and sleep

Question 43

Enteral

Answer 43

Liquid diet that is nutritionally complete

required access direct into stomach or jejunum

Question 44

Parenteral

Answer 44

intravenous diet of macronutrients

hypertonic nutrient solution (TPN)

isotonic nutrient solution(PPN): sterile

nutritionally complete

requires access: peripheral or central vein “PICC”