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CMBM exam 5 > NUTRITION PATHOLOGY!!!!1 > Flashcards

NUTRITION PATHOLOGY!!!!1 Flashcards

0
Q

An appropriate diet should provide

A

energy, carbs, fats, proteins
essential & nonessential AA and fatty acids
vitamins and minerals

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1
Q

malnutrition

A

absence of an appropriate diet

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3
Q

Primary malnutrition

A

one or a combination of previous components are missing from the diet

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3
Q

Three common causes of secondary malnutrition

A

GI diseases - diarrhea, surgery decreases absorption of vitamins
Chronic wasting disease - cancer and cachexia
acute illness - blood loss leads Iron deficiency

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4
Q

Secondary malnutrition

A

supply of nutrients is adequate but insufficient due to malabsorption, impaired utilization, storage, excess losses or increased demand

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5
Q

Types of malnutrition seen in Poor, homeless, elderly

A

protein-energy malnutrition (PEM)

trace nutrient deficiencies

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6
Q

In US, Primary malnutrition seen in

A

neglect and ignorance

-some communities, Long term care facilities, acute care hospitals

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7
Q

Common failures in primary nutrition seen for which demographic of ppl?

A

infants, teens, pregnant women - increased nutritional needs

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8
Q

Fe deficiency

A

microcytic anemia

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9
Q

Vit D deficiency

A

osteomalisia

rickets

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10
Q

Folic acid deficiency

A

fetal neural tube defects

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11
Q

Sometimes primary malnutrition is due to ignorance about nutritional content, some examples include

A 
iron deficiency in infants who are given Bovine or soy based milk (human milk has iron) 
Polished rice -> thiamine deficiency 
Iodine deficiency (Goiters)
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12
Q

Self imposed malnutrition

A

Alcoholism
Bulimia
fad diets

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13
Q

Failure to recognize thiamine deficiency in chronic alcoholism can result in

A

irreversible brain damage (wernicke korsakoff encephalopathy)

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14
Q

Acquired PEM - Alcoholism

A

lacking in several vitamins
from combo - dietary deficiency, malabsorption, abnormal utilization or storage, increased metabolic needs, increased loss of B6, B1, Folate, vit A

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16
Q

lack of Pyridoxine (B6)

A

seizures, chelosis (seen at edge of the mouth)

Anemia, depression

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16
Q

Folate deficiency

A

Macrocytic anemia

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17
Q

lack of Thiamine B1

A

Dry beriberi - neurologic
Wet beriberi - cardiac
Wenicke-Korsakoff syndrome (alcoholics)

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19
Q

Vit A deficiency

A

night blindness

20
Q

Anorexia

A

Self-induced starvation resulting in marked weight loss

21
Q

Bulimia

A

A condition where pt binges on food and then induces vomiting

22
Q

What does illness tend to do to the basal metabolic rate and why?

A

Increase because more requirements needed for TNF and IL-1

23
Q

What are the characteristics of Protein-Energy Malnutrition (PEM)?

A

Range of symptoms focused on a dietary intake of protein and/ calories to meet the body’s needs

24
Q

If there is an issue with the somatic compartment of proteins (in skeletal muscle) what could it be?

A

Marasmus

25
Q

If there is an issue with the visceral compartment of proteins (like in the organs) what could it be?

A

Kwashiorkor

26
Q

When would secondary PEM be observed in a pt?

A

Chronically ill or hospitalized pts

Cachexia pts with advanced cancer

27
Q

What substance will irreversibly bind to biotin which can cause a B7 deficiency?

A

Raw eggs - avidin

28
Q

Vit B2 (riboflavin) deficiency

A

Cheliosis

29
Q

Vit B3 (niacin) deficiency

A

Pellagra, diarrhea, insomnia, dementia, dermatitis

Casal’s necklace

30
Q

Vit B5 (panthothenic acid) deficiency

A

Ance, paresthesia

31
Q

Vit B7 (biotin) deficiency

A

Vit H-none in adult, growth and CNS disorder and cradle cap in infants

32
Q

Vit B9 (folic acid) deficiency

A

Vit M-macrocytic anemia

Assistant to B12, neutral tube defects (spina bifida)

33
Q

Vit B12 (cobalamins) deficiency

A

Assn with pernicious anemia, macrocytic anemia

34
Q

What are the functions of Vit A?

A

Maintaining normal vision in reduced light
Potentiating the difference of specialized epithelial cells, mainly mucus-secreting cells
Enhancing immunity to infections
Retinoids, B-carotene, antioxidative agents

35
Q

What is a major source of Vit D?

A

Endogenous synth by way of the energy from solar or UV light radiation

36
Q

1,2OH2D from Vit D stimulates the uptake of what?

A

Ca++ and PO4

37
Q

Describe rickets.

A

Vit D deficiency
Osteomalacia in adults
Dec synth of Ca++ leading to bone weakness

38
Q

Describe scurvy.

A

Vit C deficiency

Bone disease in growing children and by hemorrhages and healing defects in children and adults

39
Q

Describe vit E.

A

Major antioxidant
Scavenges free radicals
Spinocerebellar degeneration (deficiency)

40
Q

Describe vit K.

A

Cofactor in hepatic carboxylation of procoagulants
-Factor II prothrombin, VII, IX and X; and proteins C and S
Bleeding diathesis (deficiency)

41
Q

Which trace element is the most common deficiency?

A

Iron

42
Q

What is iron essential for?

A

Component of hemoglobulin as well as several iron-containing metalloenzymes

43
Q

What could occur if someone is deficient in iron?

A

Hypochromic microcytic anemia

44
Q

What is iodine a component of?

A

Thyroid hormone

45
Q

What happens in an iodine deficiency?

A

Goiter and hypothyroidism

46
Q

What is copper a component for?

A 
Cytochrome c oxidase
Dopamine b-hydroxylase
Tyrosinase
Lysyl oxidase
Cross-linking
47
Q

If there isn’t enough copper uptake what occurs?

A

Muscle weakness
Absorption interference
Neuro defects
Abnormal collagen-linking

CMBM exam 5 (19 decks)

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