Neoplasia III Flashcards
What is the 2nd leading cause of death after heart disease?
Cancer
What are the most common cancers?
Men: prostate
Women: Breast
What are the deadliest cancer?
Lung
Which cancers have dec in death rates?
Cervical, colon, breast, lung and some leukemias
What cancers have inc in death rates?
Lung in women
How are most sporadic cancers caused?
Environmental factors
What are some environmental carcinogens?
Sunlight (skin cancer)
Smoking (lung cancer)
Alcohol (liver, breast)
HPV (cervical carcinoma)
What age do most cancers occur?
55-75
What types of cancers occur with advanced age?
Colon, lung, prostate, breast
What other age group is cancer likely to effect?
Children (10% of all childhood deaths)
What are the three categories of hereditary cancer?
Inherited cancer syndrome
Familial cancers
Syndromes of defective DNA repair
What are the inherited cancer sydromes?
Dominantly inherited
Retinoblastoma
Familial polyposis coli
What are the familial cancers?
Most common sporadic cancers have familial forms too
Breast, colon, ovary, brain
Occur earlier but are often more lethal
What are syndromes of defective DNA repair?
Recessively inherited
Xeroderma pigmentosum
What are the persistent regenerative cell replications?
Chronic skin fistula = squamous cell carcinoma
Cirrhosis = liver cancer
What are the hyperplastic and dysplastic proliferations?
Atypical endometrial hyperplasia = endometrial cancer
Dysplastic bronchial mucosa = lung cancer
What is the prognosis of a tumor dependent on?
Grade of tumor
Stage of tumor
How is the stage of a tumor noted?
TMN system
Tumor size
Nodal status
Metastatic spread
Describe grading of a malignant tumor.
How “nasty” the tumor looks
Pathologic eval (microscope)
Mitoses, plemorphism, necrosis
Describe staging of a malignant tumor.
How far the tumor has spread
Clinical eval of pt (imaging, surgery)
TNM system
What would you look for in NHL in staging for leukemia/lymphoma?
How many lymph nodes
Where they were
Bone marrow involvement
Hbg, WBC count
What would you look for in myeloma in staging for leukemia/lymphoma?
Plasma protein level IgM/IgA/IgG levels and monoclonality
Hgb, WBC
Bone marrow involvement
