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A&P 2 Exam 3 > Nutrition/ Metabolism/ Temp > Flashcards

Nutrition/ Metabolism/ Temp Flashcards

1
Q

What 3 peptides influence hunger/ satiety

A

Ghrelin
Peptide yy
Cholecystokinin

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2
Q

What cells secrete Ghrelin

A

Parietal
When fundus is empty
Hunger

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3
Q

What secretes PYY

A

Enteroendocrine cells of ilium

Satiety

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4
Q

What does CCK stimulate

A

Secretion of bile
Pancreatic enzymes
Appetite suppressing

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5
Q

What are 2 long term hormones of appetite regulation

A

Lepton

Insulin

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6
Q

Leptin is secreted by

A

Adipocytes

Suppress appetite

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7
Q

What happens if an animal is Leptin receptor deficient

A

They over eat

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8
Q

What secretes insulin

A

Pancreatic beta cells

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9
Q

What does insulin stimulate

A

Glucose uptake

Promotes glycogen and fat synthesis

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10
Q

What are the 5 categories of nutrients

A 
Carbs
Lipids
Proteins
Vitamins
Minerals
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11
Q

What hypothalamic neurons enhance appetite

A

NPY/AgRP group

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12
Q

What hypothalamic neurons inhibit appetite

A

POMC/CART group

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13
Q

How many molecules are essential nutrients

A

45-50

Must be in diet

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14
Q

What organ is best at converting between molecule types

A

Liver

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15
Q

What are carbohydrates converted into

A

Glucose

ATP

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16
Q

Are carbohydrates essential

A

No

Can be made from amino acids

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17
Q

What does using amino acids to form carbs cause

A

Ketosis

Acidosis

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18
Q

What are some examples of carb groups

A

Sugars
Starch
Cellulose

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19
Q

What form are most dietary fats in

A

Triglycerides

20
Q

What are triglycerides made of

A

Glycerol - 3 carbon alcohol

Fatty acids- carbon with carboxyl group

21
Q

Describe saturated fatty acid

A

Max H
No double bonds
Solid
Animals

22
Q

Describe unsaturated fatty acids

A

Double bonds
Liquid
Vegetalbles

23
Q

What does cholesterol come from

A

Egg yokes
Meats
Milk

24
Q

What are fats broken down into

A

Fatty acids
Monoglycerides
Reconverted to triglycerides

25
Q

What are the essential fatty acids?

A

Linoleic acid- omega 6

Linolenic acid- omega 3

26
Q

Why are fats important

A 
Protection
Insulate
Myelin
Energy store
Cholesterol in membranes
For bile production
Steroid hormones
27
Q

What are omega 3 fatty acids needed for

A

Cell membranes

More needed for children

28
Q

What are protein used for structurally

A

Keratin
Collagen
Elastin
Muscle

29
Q

How many essential amino acids are there

A

10

30
Q

Describe complete proteins

A 
All aminos
Eggs
Milk
Meat
Fish
31
Q

Describe incomplete proteins

A 
Lack some aminos
Legumes
Nuts
Seeds
Grain
Vegetables
32
Q

What is the all or none rule

A

Need all aminos to make protein

33
Q

What happens if not enough carb/ fat available

A

Protein will be used as a source of energy for ATP

34
Q

Why can corn and beans be acomplete protein

A

Corn- tryptophan and methionine

Beans- isoleucine and lysine

35
Q

What is the function of vitamins

A

Coenzymes
Need minute amounts
Organic

36
Q

What vitamins are made by the body

A

D- skin

K- enteric bacteria

37
Q

What are the water soluble vitamins

A

B
C
Except B12

38
Q

Where are water soluble vitamins absorbed

A

Intestinal tract

With water

39
Q

What are fat soluble vitamins

A

A
D
E
K

40
Q

How are fat soluble vitamins absorbed

A

Bound to ingested lipids

Stores in body

41
Q

Which fat soluble vitamin isnt stored in the body

A

K

42
Q

What is the function of minerals

A

Help utilize nutrients or get incorporated
Inorganic
Moderate amounts needed

43
Q

List the 7 minerals required

A 
Sodium
Potassium
Calcium
Magnesium
Phosphorous
Chloride
Sulfur
44
Q

What minerals are in bone

A

Ca
P
Mg

45
Q

What are the major electrolytes in te blood

A

Na

Cl

A&P 2 Exam 3 (2 decks)

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